PP220: Socially Responsible Leadership Faculty Sheila Toppin, DPA (abd), MPA

Welcome to the Class Greetings Availability ◦ Office hours: Sunday & Tuesday 7:00 to 9:00 pm EST (AIM ID: Sheila Toppin, by telephone) ◦ Appointments: call or send an message Warm up Questions???

Course & Syllabus Info Units (10 weeks), Wednesday to Tuesday Discussion Board – 1 to 2 discussions per Unit, Wednesday to Tuesday MST Seminar meets every Monday at 9 PM EST Weekly Quizzes – Available until Tuesday Team Activity– Due End of Unit 8 Announcements: Informational & Reminders

Course & Syllabus Info Con’t. Last day to request an Incomplete: Tuesday, 3/5/12 (end of Unit 8). Last day of class: Saturday, 3/13/12. Seminar : ◦ Cap & tassel icon denotes important information for assignments & quizzes. ◦ Seminar Alternate assignments due within 1 week of missed seminar. Archive available 4 hours after seminar concludes.

Course & Syllabus Info Con’t. Plan B Seminar: Live (Chat) in classroom Reading assignments are VITAL (eBook Chapters & Articles located via Reading Icon or DocSharing tab in classroom.) Assignments: Upload to DropBox in classroom Assignment Feedback: Grading Rubrics located in DocSharing tab in classroom. Late Policy (assignments are accepted up to 3 weeks from the due date.) Questions???

Unit 4 To-Do List Readings Discussion (1 Topic) Assignment - Short Paper: 12 Angry Men Seminar Quiz (See the To-Do Checklist PDF that is available in the classroom to keep track each Unit)

Unit 4 Assignment Short Paper based on 12 Angry Men movie. Often used in organizational behavior classes to study the way that small groups operate. The jury foreman has certain powers but does not emerge as the group's leader. There is a battle for leadership between jurors 3 and 8. Consider what the jury is tasked to do (its organizational goals) and how organizational members approach accomplishing those goals. Consider how leaders emerge from the group. Considerations: Jurors from different social backgrounds, made apparent through the deliberations, demonstrate how demographic differences and one's place in the world influence perspective and behavior in groups. Given the jury's purpose, the film is also a good opportunity for considering socially responsible behavior.

Unit 5 To Do List Midterm: NO Midterm Exam No Seminar Discussion Board: Non-graded (questions & answer) Submit late assignments by end of Unit 5

Questions? Any other questions about the syllabus? Any other questions about what you are to do in Unit 4 or 5? Any other questions?

Unit 4 Seminar Topics Distinguish between power, authority, and influence. Discuss leadership power, and sources. Discuss power corruption and ways of avoiding it. Class Activity – Use or Abuse of Power

Concepts The terms power, authority and influence are often used interchangeably and sometimes in different ways by different writers. Influence = The success of an influence attempt can be distinguished among qualitatively distinct outcomes: commitment, compliance, and resistance. In general, influence is understood as the effect of one party (the agent) on another (the target).

Concepts Power is the ability of one person (the agent) influencing the behavior and/or attitudes of others (the target). Thus, power is not exclusive to leaders and managers. Authority is power vested in a formal position. It is the power vested in a position and therefore, is exclusive to that position.

Leadership & Power The essence of leadership is influence over others. Power is the engine that drives the ability to influence others. To understand leadership effectiveness therefore, an analysis of the complex web of power relationships and influence processes in organizations is essential. We also need to examine the sources of power and the relationship of different power sources to leadership effectiveness.

Power Sources In high power distance cultures, power bases are stable, and upward mobility is limited. The leader’s power increases when employees are committed to the leader’s decisions. Expert power is the source of individual power that is available to everyone within an organization regardless of their position. Referent and expert power of celebrities is used to influence others? Individuals with referent power can influence others because they are liked and respected.

Power Sources In order for leaders to get commitment from their followers, they should rely on referent and expert power. The personal appeal influence tactic is most appropriate to use with colleagues. Consultation is one of the influence tactics that rely on all sources of personal power. In early stages of their career, young leaders use credibility through expertise to develop power.

Power Sources Top executives use different sources of power as individuals and teams. One of the sources of power for executives is the ability to control the criteria by which decisions are made. It is most appropriate to use exchange as an influence tactic with subordinates and colleagues.

Power Sources Resistance, Compliance, and Commitment are reactions to leadership power. To influence supervisors, rational persuasion is the most appropriate influence tactic. Questions??

Power Corruption The factor in organizational structure that contributes to power corruption is the degree of centralization. The closer leaders are to day-to-day activities does not mean they are more likely they are to abuse their power. Fear of reprisals or weakness are factors that cause employees to comply with corrupt leaders.

Power Corruption The most common and serious consequence of power corruption is poor decision making. Both individual and organizational factors contribute to corruption that is caused by too much power. Managers who abuse power often have an inflated view of themselves.

Power Corruption Managers who abuse power do not surround themselves with highly competent followers. Questions??

Ways to Avoid Power Corruption Accountability. Leaders who know that they will be held accountable for their actions are much more likely to consider the consequences of their actions and act thoughtfully. Encouraging open and broad communication and feedback. The more followers and others are able to provide feedback both to the leader and to other powerful members of the organization, the more likely it is that destructive leaders will be detected and power abuses stopped.

Ways to Avoid Power Corruption Empowerment ◦ The most important organizational factor in empowerment is decentralizing the structure. ◦ Effective in enhancing employees' belief in their abilities and provide them with a sense of control and accomplishment. ◦ Organizations that implement empowerment do not have to lower their performance standards.

Ways to Avoid Power Corruption Empowerment Con’t. Followers who are empowered - do not depend on their leader - are less likely to contribute to the corruption cycle. Involving the leader in day-to-day activities. The closer the leader is to the day-to-day activities of followers and to the organization’s customers, the less likely is leader corruption.

Ways to Avoid Power Corruption ◦ Promote Teamwork ◦ Teams can rely on individual sources of power to maintain power and be effective. ◦ The concept of strategic contingencies suggests that teams must address the needs of strategic stakeholders inside the organization. ◦ Teams acquire power in organizations by addressing strategic contingencies. ◦ Teams increase their power as they are able to remove obstacles for others in the organization.

Ways to Avoid Power Corruption Using objective measures of performance. Precise measurement or based on direct feedback from relevant constituents, is one way to curtail the excessive power of the leader and ensure proper and accurate flow of information. Changing and monitoring the organizational culture. The most difficult and most effective solution to preventing power corruption is a change in the culture and structure of organizations. Questions??

Class Activity Article: Do you use or use power? by Graham Yemm You-Use-or-Abuse-Power?&id=230287

Unit 4 Seminar Topics Class Activity – Individual Personality Assessments

Unit 4 Seminar Summary Distinguished between power, authority, and influence. Discussed leadership power, and sources. Discussed power corruption and ways of avoiding it. Class Activity – Discussed Use or Abuse of Power? Article Final Questions??? Dismissal