Natural Reproductive Success of First-generation Hatchery Steelhead Spawning in the Kalama River CAMERON SHARPE PAT HULETT CHRIS WAGEMANN MAUREEN SMALL WDFW KALAMA RESEARCH TEAM & CONSERVATION BIOLOGY UNIT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  KALAMA HATCHERY STAFF  NOAA/MITCHELL ACT  ANNE MARSHALL, HOWARD FUSS, TODD PEARSONS, BILL HOPLEY, STEVE LEIDER

KALAMA WILD BROODSTOCK PROGRAM

CURTAIN OF DENIAL

THE BROODSTOCK  SELECTED TO REPRESENT PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF THE WILD STOCK  RUN TIMING (NOT SPAWN TIMING)  ADULT SIZE (NOT AGE STRUCTURE)  Probably an adequate proxy

‘98‘00‘99‘98‘00‘99

THE RETURNING ADULTS  WILD- & HATCHERY-ORIGIN PASSED UPSTREAM  HATCHERY FISH SELECTED TO MATCH THAT YEAR’S RETURNING WILD FISH  ABUNDANCE/TIME – 50:50 H:W  SEX RATIO – MATCHED H:W  NON-SELECTIVE FOR SIZE

‘02‘04‘03‘02‘04‘03

IDEALLY: H1H1H1H1 H2H2H2H2 H3H3H3H3 H4H4H4H4 W1W1W1W1 W2W2W2W2 W3W3W3W3 W4W4W4W4 X H1W3H1W3H1W3H1W3 H1H4H1H4H1H4H1H4 W2W3W2W3W2W3W2W3 SPAWNERSOFFSPRING

Category Brood Year WB hatchery total to KFH 2, WB hatchery upstream Wild upstream Wild total to KFH

REALITY: H1H1H1H1 H2H2H2H2 H3H3H3H3 H4H4H4H4 W1W1W1W1 W2W2W2W2 W3W3W3W3 W4W4W4W4 X H1W3H1W3H1W3H1W3 U2 H4U2 H4U2 H4U2 H4 W2W3W2W3W2W3W2W3 SPAWNERSOFFSPRING X U1U1U1U1 U2U2U2U2 U3U3U3U3 U4U4U4U4 U3 W3U3 W3U3 W3U3 W3 U1W3U1W3U1W3U1W3 H 1 U 4

POTENTIAL SPAWNERS  WILD ANADROMOUS  F1 HATCHERY ANADROMOUS  RESIDUAL HATCHERY  RESIDENT TROUT  ALL ONLY PARTIALLY SCREENED

BROOD YEAR % ANADROMOUS SPAWNERS SCREENED % % %

SMOLT LG RESIDUAL SM RESIDUAL

MIGRANTS & RESIDUALS (BY ’00 & BY ’99) FORK LENGTH (mm) FREQUENCY MIGRANTS RESIDUALS

RESIDUALS  NUMEROUS  WELL-DISTRIBUTED  PERSISTANT  MOSTLY MALE  MOSTLY MATURE OR MATURING

Brood of Origin N Mean FL (mm) % Mature or Maturing Males % % % % % 2005 RESIDUALS SAMPLED

RESIDENT  A FISH THAT DOESN’T ADOPT ANADROMY. EVER.

Sample Year N Mean Size (FL, mm) SE TOTAL154 RESIDENT TROUT

THE PARENT POOL  SCREENED HATCHERY  SCREENED WILD  RESIDENTS  RESIDUALS

Offspring Returns by Fresh Water/Salt Water Age (n.n) & Calendar Year Offspring Returns by Fresh Water/Salt Water Age (n.n) & Calendar Year Spawners salt salts salts 2004 Spawners salt salts salts 2005 Spawners salt salts salts Importance of return year %

Experimental Genotyped Parents Returning Anadromous Offspring by Parental Cross G-test Statistics HW HHHWWWGdfP 2003 Brood Obs Exp Brood Obs Exp PRELIMINARY: 1 ST TWO REPS

Experimental Genotyped Parents Returning 2007 Anadromous Offspring by Parental Type (Single-parent Offspring only) HW HWGdfP 2003 Brood Obs Exp.3333 AN ODDITY

WILD RESIDENT TROUT  Offspring from Residents: 19 from 15 (single) parents

RESIDUAL HATCHERY FISH  Offspring from Residual Hatchery Steelhead:  Zero, Zip, Bupkis