THE CIVIL WAR! Background to the Conflict Pre-Civil War Days Mrs. Monaco – Social Studies

Agenda Warm-Up: Media Clip Overview – uQ uQhttps:// uQ Power Point Notes –Causes of the Civil War –Half today and half next class- guided notes –Half today and half next class- guided notes Civil War Letters Analysis –In groups Homework: Current Events #5 and Bi- Weekly #12

Differences Divide North and South Regional Differences –North More factories People worked more in cities Less farming More immigrants Large population growth

Plantation Life ** –Huge plantations Needed a lot of workers Used slave labor

The South Farming remained the main way to earn a living –Some small one family farms, and many plantations Cut lumber, raised cattle, and raised just enough food for their own families  Population was a lot smaller (11 million) than in the North (19 million)

“King Cotton” Cotton was hard to prepare for market –Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin Made cleaning cotton easier Farmers grew more cotton Needed more slaves to work the cotton

North and South Disagree * States’ Rights –South didn’t like depending on the North’s manufactured goods –Thought the North was getting RICH off of them

Slavery Issue Slavery –Settlers from the South who moved west took their slaves but slavery wasn’t allowed –Settlers from the North didn’t own slaves and thought slavery was wrong.

Africans in Slavery and Freedom Life Under Slavery –S–S–S–Slave Codes Laws for slaves –S–S–S–Slaves could not leave owners’ land –C–C–C–Could not buy or sell goods –N–N–N–Not allowed to learn to read or write –T–T–T–Treated as property with very few privileges

Coping with Slavery * –S–S–S–Spirituals Formed close knit groups to help each other Sang religious songs to give them strength

Fighting Back * Fighting Back –M–M–M–Most resisted slavery (act against) –Q–Q–Q–Quiet ways they resisted Broke tools, left gates open to let the farm animals out, let boats drift away, hid stuff the owners needed and acted like they knew nothing about it at all

John Brown’s Rebellion John Brown’s rebellion at Harper’s Ferry –A–A–A–A white abolitionist –S–S–S–Stole guns from Harper’s Ferry warehouse to give to slaves –C–C–C–Caught, tried, and hung

Running Away * Running Away –M–M–M–Many chose to run away –F–F–F–Found safe places to hide Indians protected some Hid in forest, swamps, and mountains Some made it to the free North, some to Canada and others went south to Mexico Many were helped by the Underground Railroad Many were caught and punished for trying to escape.

Life for Africans… * Life for most Africans, free or not, was still hard because: –U–U–U–Unwelcome in many places –O–O–O–Often treated unfairly –H–H–H–Had little freedom –N–N–N–Not allowed to vote or meet in groups –C–C–C–Could not attend school or have certain jobs Whites Only

New Compromises Henry Clay –W–W–W–Worked hard to settle differences dividing the nation. –C–C–C–Congressman from Kentucky –F–F–F–Free state: didn’t want slavery. –S–S–S–Slave state: wanted slavery –E–E–E–Everything was EVEN until Missouri became a state.

The Missouri Compromise Asked to join the U.S. as a slave state This would make more slave states than free. Missouri would join as a slave state AND Maine would join as a free state. Imaginary line would be drawn through the rest of the Louisiana territory

Solutions to the Problem North of the line = Free States South of the line = Slave states

Results of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 Kept the peace for nearly 30 years Six new states joined the Union – 3 slave and 3 free….still equal in number AND THEN along came…California

The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay to the rescue AGAIN California = Free New Mexico and Utah territories= people would decide No more slave trading in Washington, DC.

Fugitive Slave Law A new law that said: –Anyone caught helping slaves escape would be punished. –If you found a runaway slave, you had to return them to their owner.

Hopes for Peace Fade Kansas-Nebraska Act Gave people living there the choice by voting Hundreds moved in to “vote” on whether to be a free or slave state. Tempers FLARED and over 200 people were killed in the dispute Nicknamed “ Bleeding Kansas”

Dred Scott Case Supreme Court ruled that once a slave, living in a free state, didn’t change that. Said Scott had “none of the rights and privileges” of American citizens Argument was that Congress had no right to outlaw slavery because the Constitution protects people’s right to own PROPERTY and slaves were PROPERTY!!!

The Election of 1860 Democratic Party candidate: Douglas Democratic Party South: Breckinridge (for Slaves) Republican Party: LINCOLN

Abraham Lincoln Republican candidate Against the SPREAD of slavery Promised not to stop slavery in the South where it was already practiced. Said he hoped it would one day END there, too.

Worried White Southerners Many in the South were afraid if Lincoln were elected, slavery would be outlawed. Some even said they would LEAVE the Union if Lincoln was elected.

Lincoln Elected President November 6, 1860 December 20, 1860 South Carolina’s leaders seceded from the Union. Later SIX other southern states seceded: –M–M–M–Mississippi –F–F–F–Florida –A–A–A–Alabama –G–G–G–Georgia –L–L–L–Louisiana –T–T–T–Texas

The Confederate States of America South Carolina Mississippi Florida Louisiana Alabama Georgia Texas

Fort Sumter Some advised Lincoln to “Let the states go” Others said, “Give in on the slavery question.” Still others said, “Use the ARMY to end their revolt!”

Lincoln’s Thoughts… He wanted to prevent war. “We are not enemies, but friends.” HOWEVER, When supplies were sent to the fort, the Confederacy ATTACKED! Fort Sumter fell First shots of the Civil War

The Civil War has Begun! Lincoln called for Americans to join the army to stop the rebellion. Frightened southern states not in the Confederacy now joined with the other 7 states. Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina 11 States Strong