2. Chapter 3. Causes of the Civil War

3. Differences Divide North and South EconomyPopulationSlavery Students create 4 row/3 column chart in notebook- see example on next slide Read & do interactive workbook page 28

4. Chart DifferencesNorthSouth Economy Population Slavery

5. Economic Differences North  Factories for manufacturing goods (textiles, tools)  Less farming South  Farming- cotton, corn, cattle, pigs mostly small farms mostly small farms large plantations Students write on foldable

6. The North Factories brought many people to the North in search of work.

7. The South Farming remained the main way to earn a living –Most were small one family farms Cut lumber, raised cattle, and raised just enough food for their own families

8. Cotton Slaves had to work tediously with their hands to gather cotton. This was a long process as the seeds had to be removed by hands, too.

10. Slaves helping on cotton plantation

11. Plantation Life –Huge plantations Needed a lot of workers Used slave labor

12. Differences in Population North More people began moving to cities to work More people began moving to cities to work Immigration (People from other countries moved to the North) Immigration (People from other countries moved to the North) Population grew rapidly to over 19 million PEOPLE!!! Population grew rapidly to over 19 million PEOPLE!!!South Fewer people Fewer people Students write on foldable

13. Differences with Slavery North  No slaves in North (except border states)  Against slavery in West South  Allowed slavery (needed for plantations)  Wanted slavery to expand to West Students write on foldable

14. Homework Work Book page 30

15. “King Cotton” Cotton was hard to prepare for market –The little seeds had to be separated from the cotton. –This was very hard to do and took a LOT of TIME –Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin Made cleaning cotton easier Farmers grew more cotton and made more money Needed more slaves to work the cotton

16. “King Cotton” Read Pages 82-83 ~ Cotton and Cash Crops. Compare data using graphs pg. 84-85 Homework ~ WB pg 31

17. Read Text Pg. 86-89 Add abolitionist to academic vocab Abolitionist- someone who joined the movement to abolish, or end, slavery

18. Main Idea and Details Chart Antislavery Movement Leading AbolitionistFree Blacks Underground Railroad

19. Tab Book

20. Make 1 flip book with the following 8 important people Abraham Lincoln Harriet Tubman General Ulysses S. Grant General Robert E. Lee Jefferson Davis Clara Barton Frederick Douglass Chief Justice Roger Taney As we complete our lessons, write in facts as we come to these people.

21. Africans in Slavery and Freedom Africans in Slavery and Freedom Life Under Slavery –Slave Codes Laws for slaves –Slaves could not leave owners’ land –Could not buy or sell goods –Not allowed to learn to read or write –Treated as property with very few privileges (Dred Scott)

22. Coping with Slavery –Spirituals Formed close knit groups to help each other Sang religious songs to give them strength

23. Overseers Hired to watch the slaves work and punish them if they fell behind.

24. The Slave Economy Many people began to turn against slavery Cost of owning slaves was too high for most Most slaves worked on large plantations. Very few white Southerners could afford to own slaves.

25. Running Away –Many chose to run away –Found safe places to hide Indians protected some Hid in forest, swamps, and mountains Some made it to the free North, some to Canada and others went south to Mexico Many were helped by the Underground Railroad Many were caught and punished for trying to escape.

26. The Underground Railroad –System of escape routes leading to freedom –Members were called conductors –Hiding places were called stations –Harriet Tubman was most famous An escaped slave Returned to the South over 20 times to help others

27. Harriet Tubman Helped slaves escape from the South to the North using the Underground Railroad. Helped slaves escape from the South to the North using the Underground Railroad.

28. Frederick Douglass Escaped slave and editor of an abolitionist newspaper, North Star.

29. Project Citizens Remember-design or create a Civil War Memorial Civil War Activity due Monday, Nov. 21, 2010 Name ______________________________ Homeroom __________ Name ______________________________ Homeroom __________ Parents, please sign to confirm that you understand your child has a civil war memorial assignment. This sheet will be returned to student and will need to be turned in Nov. 21 with finished product. Parent Signature __________________________ The Civil War has been over for a long time, and the United States is united once again. Many small towns, large cities, and battle sites have statues or other memorials to ensure that the American Civil War will never be forgotten. Getting Started Choose a person from the list below. Please circle so your teacher can approve. Abraham LincolnFrederick Douglass Jefferson DavisSojourner Truth Ulysses S. GrantHarriet Tubman Robert E. LeeChief Justice Roger Taney Clara BartonSam Davis Use art materials to either design (draw) or create a model of a memorial that might help you and others to remember the person you chose from the above list. Make sure you are clear in your design or model about the importance significance to the Civil War. Write five facts about your person and the relationship to the American Civil War time period.

30. A Nation Divided

31. New Compromises Henry Clay –Worked hard to settle differences dividing the nation. –Congressman from Kentucky –Free state: didn’t want slavery. –Slave state: wanted slavery –Everything was EVEN until Missouri became a state.

32. The Missouri Compromise Asked to join the U.S. as a slave state This would make more slave states than free. Missouri would join as a slave state AND Maine would join as a free state. Imaginary line would be drawn through the rest of the Louisiana territory

33. Solutions to the Problem North of the line = Free States South of the line = Slave states

34. Results of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 Kept the peace for nearly 30 years Six new states joined the Union – 3 slave and 3 free….still equal in number AND THEN along came… California

35. The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay to the rescue AGAIN California = Free New Mexico and Utah territories= people would decide

36. Henry Clay, the Great Compromiser Died in 1852 Never gave up hope in finding peaceful solutions to problems On his grave marker it says, –“I know no North – no South – No East – No West”

37. Hopes for Peace Fade Kansas-Nebraska Act Gave people living there the choice by voting Hundreds moved in to “vote” on whether to be a free or slave state. Tempers FLARED and over 200 people were killed in the dispute Nicknamed “ Bleeding Kansas”

38. Fugitive Slave Law A new law that said: –Anyone caught helping slaves escape would be punished. –If you found a runaway slave, you had to return them to their owner. Fugitive-a person who is running away.

39. Free Africans Not all Africans were slaves –Some were former slaves freed by their owners –Others had bought their freedom –Some had escaped to freedom –Many lived in the cities where they had a better chance to work

40. Life for Africans… Life for most Africans, free or not, was still hard because: –Unwelcome in many places –Often treated unfairly –Had little freedom –Not allowed to vote or meet in groups –Could not attend school or have certain jobs Whites Only

41. Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811 - 1896 Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811 - 1896 So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

42. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!

43. Fighting Back –Most resisted slavery ( act against) –Quiet ways they resisted Broke tools, left gates open to let the farm animals out, let boats drift away, hid stuff the owners needed and acted like they knew nothing about it at all

44. Dred Scott Case (1857) Supreme Court ruled that once a slave, living in a free state, didn’t change that. Said Scott had “none of the rights and privileges” of American citizens Also said Congress had no right to outlaw slavery because the Constitution protects people’s right to own PROPERTY and slaves were PROPERTY!!!

45. Chief Justice Roger Taney Supreme Court Chief Justice in Dred Scott Case who ruled that slaves were property.

46. Violent Resistance –Violent ways to resist Nat Turner’s Revolt –Led an attack killing 57 people –He and others were caught, tried in court, and hanged

47. John Brown’s Rebellion John Brown’s rebellion at Harper’s Ferry –A white abolitionist –Stole guns from Harper’s Ferry warehouse to give to slaves –Caught, tried, and hanged

48. Slavery Issue Slavery –Chief Justice Roger Taney said that slaves were property in the Dred Scott case. –Settlers from the South who moved west took their slaves –Settlers from the North didn’t own slaves and thought slavery was wrong. –WHO would WIN Would there be slavery in the new territories or NOT???

49. Read Workbook page 35 Do interactive activities Homework ~ WB pg 37

50. WB pg. 37 (answers) Missouri Compromise-Missouri made a slave state & Maine made a free state; line drawn across country (N-free) (S-slave) Compromise of 1850-CA=free state popular sovereignty; people voted slavery or not Kansas-Nebraska Act-Kansas and Nebraska voted slavery or not

51. Pg. 37 cont. 3 events that increased tension.. – –Bleeding Kansas – –Dred Scott Case – –Fugitive Slave Law – –John Brown’s Raid – –Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

52. Text pages 102-107 Tab book –add VIP (see following slides)

53. Abraham Lincoln 16th President of the USA; He thought slavery was morally and socially wrong

54. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America (South) during Civil War

55. WB pg. 40 (Answers) Across 1-Confederacy 2-secession 3-Lincoln 4-slavery Down 1-Civil War 5-Davis

56. 6. Kentucky Illinois Lawyer Republican Congress abolition

57. 7. Confederate Fort Sumter Supplies Civil War

58. Abraham Lincoln works for Change Violence because of the Kansas-Nebraska act got everyone’s attention Abraham Lincoln was against the SPREAD of slavery Republican Party formed to fight the spread of slavery. Lincoln ran for Senator Stephen A. Douglas, author of the Kansas- Nebraska Act, was his OPPONENT! The battle is ON………

59. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates Abraham Lincoln Tall, thin man from the frontier Wore plain dark clothes Not well-known Stephen Douglas Heavy and a foot shorter than Lincoln Well educated Wore fine clothes SenatorWell-known Both were powerful public speakers

60. Douglas Each new state should decide the slavery question for itself.

61. Lincoln “The framers of the Constitution intended slavery to end.” The problem is that slavery is WRONG!

62. Senate Winner Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Senate. But….now everyone knew who Abraham Lincoln was!!! Douglas Wins!

63. The Election of 1860 Democratic Party candidate: Douglas Democratic Party south: Breckinridge Republican Party: LINCOLN

64. Stephen A. Douglas West should decide for themselves about slavery.

65. John Breckinridge Democratic candidate popular with southerners Government should allow slavery everywhere in the West.

66. Abraham Lincoln Republican candidate Against the SPREAD of slavery Promised not to stop slavery in the South where it was already practiced. Said he hoped it would one day END there, too.

67. Worried White Southerners Many in the South were afraid if Lincoln were elected, slavery would be outlawed. Some even said they would LEAVE the Union if Lincoln was elected.

68. Lincoln Elected President November 6, 1860 December 20, 1860 South Carolina’s leaders seceded from the Union. Later SIX other southern states seceded: –Mississippi –Florida –Alabama –Georgia –Louisiana –Texas

69. The Confederate States of America South Carolina Mississippi Florida Louisiana Alabama Georgia Texas

70. Fort Sumter Some advised Lincoln to “Let the states go” Others said, “Give in on the slavery question.” Still others said, “Use the ARMY to end their revolt!”

71. Lincoln’s Choices He wanted to prevent war. “We are not enemies, but friends.” THE VERY NEXT DAY THE VERY NEXT DAY An important message came from Major Robert Anderson commander at Fort Sumter:

72. Urgent! Message from Commander Anderson Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

73. What to Do??? If I send supplies…Southerners might attack. If I send troops….Southerners WILL attack. If I do nothing…the commander will have to surrender.

74. Decision Lincoln decided to send supply ships And see what the Southerners would do

75. Confederate President Davis Davis decided to take over the fort BEFORE the supply ships arrived. Demanded them to surrender. NEVER! The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort, Major Anderson and his men ran out of ammunition and had to give up.

76. The Civil War has Begun! Lincoln called for Americans to join the army to stop the rebellion. Frightened southern states not in the Confederacy now joined with the other 7 states. Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina 11 States Strong

77. Causes of the Civil War North and South Disagree States’ Rights-Tariffs (Taxes) Conflicts over Slavery Abraham Lincoln elected 16 th President Add into notes in journal

78. Cause-Effect Lincoln elected President-Nov. 6, 1860 South Carolina left Union-Dec. 20, 1860 Confederates attack Fort Sumter on April 12,1861. Add to Notes in journal

79. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1861-1865