OBJECTIVE1.Relatives

She’s a scientist whose discoveries have greatly affected the medical field. She discovered the element of radium, which is used in X-rays. History 101 Who is Marie Curie? Oh, I know. She’s a woman who won the Nobel Prize in What did she discover? Wow. Good answers. Okay, next question. Who was Gandhi? Okay, let’s start studying for our history exam. I’ll ask a question, and you tell me the answer.

Gandhi was a man who worked for peace. Adjective Clauses 1 Use adjective clauses to identify or give additional information about nouns (people, places, or things). The clause who worked for peace identifies the man we are talking about. The clause which is in Western India gives additional information about Gujarat. He lived in the state of Gujarat, which is in Western India.

Adjective Clauses 2 Adjective clauses can also identify or describe indefinite pronouns such as one, someone, somebody, something, another, and other(s). George Washington Carver is someone who was a famous botanist. someone The adjective clause directly follows the noun (or pronoun) it is identifying.

Adjective Clauses 3 Sentences with adjective clauses can be seen as a combination of two sentences. Florence Nightingale was a nurse. She She developed modern healthcare methods. + = who Florence Nightingale was a nurse who developed modern healthcare methods. Beethoven was a composer. His His music is still enjoyed by many people. + = whose Beethoven was a composer whose music is still enjoyed by many people.

painting is known throughout the world The Mona Lisa is a painting that is known throughout the world. president fought against slavery Abraham Lincoln was an American president who fought against slavery. whose people’s possessions Use whose to refer to people’s possessions. painting is known throughout the world The Mona Lisa is a painting which is known throughout the world. That That is less formal than who and which and used more in conversation. president fought against slavery Abraham Lincoln was an American president that fought against slavery. OR OR Relative Pronouns 1 Adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns. Subject relative pronouns can be who, that, which, and whose. who that whichthat Use which or that to refer to places or things. Thomas Edison changed the world Thomas Edison, whose inventions changed the world, was born in whose inventions whothat people Use who or that to refer to people.

Be Careful! Do not use a subject pronoun (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) and a subject relative pronoun in the same adjective clause. who he wrote William Shakespeare is an Englishman who he wrote many well-known plays. William Shakespeare is an Englishman who wrote many well-known plays.

1.a) Ang San Su Kyi is a Burmese peace activist in Myanmar. Myanmar b) Myanmar is a country located in Southeast Asia. 2. a) Diego Rivera was a Mexican painter. His b) His work is displayed in many famous museums. 3. a) Mother Teresa was a Catholic nun. She b) She devoted her life to the poor. who/that devoted her life to the poor Mother Teresa was a Catholic nun who/that devoted her life to the poor. who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 Albert Einstein was a physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in which is a country located in Southeast Asia Ang San Su Kyi is a Burmese peace activist in Myanmar which is a country located in Southeast Asia. Practice 1 Combine the groups of sentences into one sentence with an adjective clause. Use the appropriate relative pronouns. Example: a) Albert Einstein was a physicist. He b) He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in that won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 Albert Einstein was a physicist that won the Nobel Prize in Physics in OR who/that won the Nobel Prize in Physics in Albert Einstein was a physicist who/that won the Nobel Prize in Physics in Example: whose work is displayed in many famous museums Diego Rivera was a Mexican painter whose work is displayed in many famous museums.

Relative Pronouns 2 Relative pronouns have the same form whether they refer to singular or plural nouns, or to males or females. who Ferdinand Magellan was the man who led the first expedition to sail around the world. who Pioneers are people who do things others think impossible. who Amelia Earhart was the woman who was the first female pilot to fly across the Atlantic.

Verbs in Adjective Clauses The verb in the adjective clause is singular if the subject relative pronoun refers to a singular noun. It is plural if it refers to a plural noun. an astronomer Copernicus was an astronomer who is known for his theory that the world is round. men Plato and Aristotle are ancient Greek men who are known for philosophies. singular verb plural verb

Be Careful! When whose + noun is the subject of an adjective clause, the verb agrees with the subject of the adjective clause. novels Jane Austen was an English novelist whose novels is read by many students. novels Jane Austen was an English novelist whose novels are read by many students. subject

Two Kinds of Adjective Clauses There are two kinds of adjective clauses, identifying and nonidentifying. which are on the table The books which are on the table belong to me., which are on the table, The books, which are on the table, belong to me. identifies which books The adjective clause identifies which books the sentence talks about. is not necessary The adjective clause is not necessary to identify the which books are referred to.

Commas A nonidentifying adjective clause is separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. Do not use commas with an identifying adjective clause. which is on the table The map which is on the table is new. Identifying Adjective Clause, which is on the table, The map, which is on the table, is new. Nonidentifying Adjective Clause

Be Careful! nonidentifying adjective clauses Do not use that to introduce nonidentifying adjective clauses. Use who for people and which for places and things., that won the Nobel Prize, Marie Curie, that won the Nobel Prize, discovered radium., who won the Nobel Prize, Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize, discovered radium., that is the birthplace of the Olympics, Athens, that is the birthplace of the Olympics, is in Greece., which is the birthplace of the Olympics, Athens, which is the birthplace of the Olympics, is in Greece.

who he made jazz popular 1.Louis Armstrong was a famous American musician who he made jazz popular. whose paintings has recently become well- known 2. Frida Kahlo, whose paintings has recently become well- known, was a Mexican painter. who live in South Africa 3.Nelson Mandela, who live in South Africa, fought against apartheid. which writes novels about village life 4.Chinua Achebe is a Nigerian author which writes novels about village life. who was the first woman to travel into space 5.Valentina Tereshkova who was the first woman to travel into space is Russian. that is the birthplace of opera Example: Italy, that is the birthplace of opera, is a fascinating country. whichis the birthplace of opera which is the birthplace of opera, is a Practice 2 Find and correct the errors in the adjective clauses of the sentences. Discuss your answers with a partner.,, who haverecently become well- have recently become well- livesin South Africa lives in South Africa, fought against writes novels who writes novels

Join the following sentences to make one sentence using a relative pronoun There's the boy. He broke the window. The film star gave a party. It cost $10,000.

That's the palace. The Queen lives in it. My friend came to the party. He's a policeman.

What's the name of the lady? She was wearing the blue dress. The girls went to New York. They speak English.