Fungi Basics Heterotrophs –Cannot perform photosynthesis –Release enzymes to absorb nutrients Cell composition similar to animals Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual Classified by the type of spore produced

Comparing Plants & Fungi Plants and fungi have different traits: –Fungal cell walls are made of chitin. –Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. –Fungi absorb food through hyphae. –Plants have chloroplasts and photosynthesize. Plants and fungi have similar traits: Both are nonmoving Grow underground and aboveground May produce spores Eukaryotes

Fungi Structure What grows underground? –Hyphae: thin strands of cells that make up the fungus body –Hyphae branch into a larger mass (mycelium) What grows above ground? –Fruiting body: reproductive structure creates spores

Bread Mold Fungi Bread molds Get name due to ability to create zygospore –Protective spore surrounding the zygote Spores produced inside sporangia (sporangium) Spores released into air

Club Fungi Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi Fruiting body looks like club Spores produced in structures called basidia (basidium) Spores released into air Grassy ground....

Sac Fungi Sac Fungi Yeast –Single celled –Reproduce asexually through budding Morels, truffles Fruiting body resembles a sac Spores produced in structures called Asci (ascus) Spores released into air

Reproductive Structures of Fungi Reproductive Structures of Fungi (that you need to know)

Mushroom Reproduction Gills

ground Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground….Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground Fruiting body sprouts New spores released from the fruiting body..... Two fungi grow together and fuse…new mycelium created Spores will land..

Lichens Fungus + algae or cyanobacteria Mycelium of fungi surrounds the green organism Grow on rocks, soil, trees Mutualistic relationship –Algae/bacteria: obtains home to grow within; gets water –Fungus: obtains nutrients

Kingdom Fungi Zygote fungi Make zygospore Spores housed inside sporangia Club fungi Fruiting body looks like club Spores housed inside basidia Lichen ½ fungus ½ algae or cyanobacteria Pioneer species Sac fungi Fruiting body looks like a sack Spores housed inside asci

REview 1)Name the three major types of fungi. 2)Which characteristic is used to classify the various types of fungi? 3)Which fungi produce asci? 4)Which fungi produce basidia? 5)Which fungi produce zygospores? 6)What is the above ground structure of a fungus called? 7)What objects are released from the fruiting body? 8)Label the diagram.