1. The Fungi Kingdom Mycology - the study of fungi fungus - singular
fungi- plural
4 Main Characteristics of Fungi
1) fungi are eukaryotic
they have a nuclei & mitochondria
2) they are heterotrophs
they depend on other organisms for food
3) they are multicellular
4) they cannot move on their own

2. The Fungi Kingdom 4 Reasons Fungi Are Different From Plants
1) fungi lack chlorophyll
2) fungi are not photosynthetic
Saprophyte-feeds on dead/decaying organisms
cannot produce their own food
most are saprophytes
some are parasites
3) they never reproduce by seeds
4) most fungi have cell walls made of chitin… Except molds
Plant cell walls are made of what?
cellulose
molds have cell walls made of cellulose…like plants

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuoles Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm
FUNGAL ORGANELLES
Contain many of the organelles found in other cells
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuoles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
DO NOT contain CHLOROPLASTS!!!!!!!!!

4. The Fungi Kingdom Parts of fungi:
network of thin thread-like structures that form the “body” of a fungus
Hyphae -
hypha - singular
hyphae - plural
hyphae contain cytoplasm
hyphae grow and branch until they cover and digest the food source (upon which the fungi is growing)

5. The Fungi Kingdom Parts of fungi: Mycelium - a mass of hyphae
mycelia - plural
The mycelium is usually hidden in the soil, in wood, or another food source
mycelium.html
A mycelium may fill a single ant, or cover many acres

6. The Fungi Kingdom Fungi Reproduction:
the structure of the fungi that you can see, is the part that carries out reproduction
most fungi reproduce by using spores
fungi spores are microscopic
EX: Mushrooms & puffballs release large clouds of spores. Each cloud contains millions of spores
Reproduction is classified according to:
1) the way they form the spores
2) the shape of the structure in which spores are made

7. The Fungi Kingdom Germ tube (Growing Spore) (initial hypha)
single hypha
Mass of hyphae (mycelium)

8. 1- Sporangium Fungi Bread mold Rhizopus Stachybatrus Cheese mold:
Blue, Roquefort,
Brie
Water mold

9. The Fungi Kingdom 4 Main Types of Fungi: 1.Sporangium Fungi/Mold
Sporangium fungi reproduces by spores in the sporangia
Sporangia- structures found on the tips of hyphae that make spores
EX: Bread Mold
Bread mold produces spores in sporangia that stick up above the bread

10. 1- Sporangium Fungi Sporangium Hyphae Mycelium
The hyphae have SPORANGIA at the ends
Sporangium
Hyphae
Mycelium

11. Sporangium with Sporangium releasing spores inside Spores
The hyphae have SPORANGIA at the ends
(round structures that produce spores).
Sporangium with
spores inside
Sporangium releasing
Spores

12. 1- Sporangium Fungi
Sporangium
Hyphae

13. The Fungi Kingdom 4 Types of Fungi
have a club-shaped part which produces the spores
2. Club fungi -
Example:
MUSHROOMS
Puffball
fungi.htm
Shelf
fungus
Coral Fungus
Corn Smut

14. 2- Club Fungi b) Produce spores from club shaped sacs called basidia.
Cap
Stipe
Gills

15. What are we looking at when we see a… fungus-among-us?
The Fungi Kingdom
What are we looking at when we see a… fungus-among-us?
The part of the fungus that we see is only the “fruit” of the organism
The ‘living’ body of the fungus is a mycelium

16. 2- Club Fungi

17. 2- Club Fungi
Cap
Basidium
Stipe
Spores
Gills

18. 3. Sac Fungi -
produce spores in sac-like structures
EX: yeasts, cup fungi, powdery mildews, & lichens

19. 3- Sac Fungi Cup fungi Example: YEAST Cramp ball Some molds:
Tuber magnatum truffle: A
$1,000-$2,000 per lb.
Example:
YEAST
Cramp ball
Cup fungi
Some molds:
Penicillium
Mitrula paludosa
Dead Man’s
Fingers

20. 3- Sac Fungi An Ascus with Many Asci spores inside
b) Produce spores inside a small sac called an
ASCUS.
An Ascus with
spores inside
Many Asci

21. 3- Sac Fungi
Yeast cells producing asci.
Asci

22. RESPIRATION
AEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
Occurs with Oxygen
Occurs without Oxygen

23. 2 types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Requires Oxygen
Water and CO2 are waste products
Food + Oxygen
CO2 + Water + ATP

24. 2 Types of Cellular Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
Does not require Oxygen (anaerobic)
Yeast cells used to make bread
Creates CO2 (makes bread rise) , alcohol (for beer, wine, champagne)

25. a fungus and an organism with chlorophyll that live together Lichens -
Algal cells
Fungal cells
Picture of lichen taken through
an electron microscope.
Lichens on ground

26. The Fungi Kingdom

27. Lichens
2) Have a mutualistic relationship (they help each other).
Fungus provides protection and a place for the algae to live.
Algae makes food for both to live on.
Pioneers – ultimately leading to a forest community – SUCCESSION
LICHENS!

28. Symbiotic Relationships?
A close relationship between two organisms where at least one benefits.
MUTUALISTIC (+ +),
COMMENSALISM (+ 0)
PARASITIC (+ -)
Examples:
Nemo and the Sea Anemone
Fungi that help protect plant roots from drought
ANT KILLER

29. What type of relationship am I?
Mutualism (++), Commensalism (+0), Parasitism(-+)

30. The Fungi Kingdom 4 Types of Fungi
4) Imperfect – sporangium/mold, sac, and club fungi that can only reproduce asexually
cause most fungal diseases in humans
EX: ringworm, athletes foot, thrush
fungi.htm

31. The Fungi Kingdom Fungi Reproduction of 4 types of fungi:
1) Mold – reproduce asexually & sexually
2) Sac fungi – reproduce asexually & sexually
4_GB_LectureNotes_f...

32. The Fungi Kingdom Fungi Reproduction of 4 types of fungi cont’d:
3) Club fungi – reproduce asexually & sexually
4) Imperfect – can only reproduce asexually

33. How Do Fungi Get Around Not Being Tall Enough?
Fungi have a major problem:
Many fungi do not grow tall enough to clear the "boundary layer" of still air next to the ground so they…
WIND
1) Shoot their spores
2) Use animals, water or wind for dispersal
Once spores are caught by something they can be carried long distances

34. The Fungi Kingdom Spore dispersal Examples
Bot135/Lect05_b.htm

35. The Fungi Kingdom Fungi Reproduction Cont’d:
Fungi can also reproduce from pieces of hyphae.
Wind and water can carry pieces of hyphae to new places.
If enough moisture and food is present, the spores/hyphae can grow into new fungi

36. The Fungi Kingdom 1. Define the term mycology.
2. List the 4 main types of fungi and give an example of each.
3. List the 4 main characteristics of fungi.
4. Explain 2 reasons why fungi are different from plants.
5. Define hyphae. Explain what it does and where it is located.
6. Define mycelium. Explain what it does and where it’s located.
7. Which of the 4 types of fungi is bread mold?

37. The Fungi Kingdom
8. Define lichen. List 2 places that you can find them.
9. Which part of the fungi carries out reproduction?
10. List the two ways fungi reproduction is classified?
11. Which type of fungi causes most fungal diseases in humans?
12. List 3 types of human diseases caused by fungus.
13. What is the number one problem fungi have when they are reproducing?
14. List two ways a fungi can release spores