1. AHSGE REVIEW STANDARD ONE, OBJECTIVE 1

2. What time period does this describe? Wars to free the Holy Land. Sparked an increase in trade in Europe and weakened the power of the Kings. The Crusades

3. What time period does this describe? Defined as a rebirth of knowledge. Prompted people to seek glory through adventure, discovery, and conquest. Renaissance

4. What time period is this? Divided Christianity into Catholics and Protestants Deepened rivalries between countries Protestants seek freedom of religion in the New World Protestant Reformation

5. What does this describe? Transfer of things between the Old (Europe) and New Worlds (Americas). Caused death of the Native American population. Columbian Exchange

6. Who is this slide describing? Spanish explorers and conquerors. Looking for God, Gold, and Glory Destroyed the Aztecs Conquistadors

7. Name these two settlements. First Spanish settlement in Florida St. Augustine First successful English settlement in the New World. Jamestown

8. Standard I, Objective 1 What was the first representative body in the New World (North America) Virginia House of Burgesses

9. What group is described below? Split from Church of England Began Massachusetts Bay Colony Wrote Mayflower Compact Puritans

10. Standard I, Objective 1 What does the following define? Parliament did not control colonies tightly. A cause of the Revolutionary War Salutary Neglect

11. Standard I, Objective 1 Name this war. War between Britain and France for control of North America. France lost. French and Indian War

12. Standard I, Objective 1 How did Great Britain finance debts from the French and Indian War? Townsend Acts – tax on imports Navigation Acts: must trade at English port Stamp Act – tax on paper products

13. Standard I, Objective 1 Colonists hated the Stamp Act!

14. Standard I, Objective 1 What event is this? (Answer on next slide.) 5 Americans shot by British soldiers, including Crispus Attucks. Used by Sam Adams as propaganda to make colonists hate the British crown

15. Standard I, Objective 1 The Boston Massacre

16. What event is this? (Answer on next slide) Colonists dump 15,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor. The British respond with the Intolerable Acts, shutting down Boston Harbor and putting Boston under martial law.

17. Standard I, Objective 1 The Boston Tea Party

18. Standard I, Objective 1 What started the Revolutionary War on April 19, 1775? (See next slide) Hint: called “shot heard ‘round the world’ Famous ride of Paul Revere to warn the farmers.

19. Standard I, Objective 1 Shots are fired at Lexington and Concord between British soldiers and Minutemen (Massachusetts farmers)

20. AHSGE STANDARD TWO, OBJECTIVE 1

21. What document is this? Signed by King John in 1215 Gave nobility rights Limited the power of the king Means Great Charter Magna Carta

22. Who is this man? Introduced idea of human rights such as life, liberty, and property. Said people have a right to overthrow abusive governments. Jefferson borrowed his ideas for the Declaration of Independence. (See Next Slide)

23. Standard 2, Objective 1 This is John Locke

24. Who is this man? Said powers of government should be separated into the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This is known as Separation of Powers. Montesquieu

25. What period of time is this? Locke and Montesquieu wrote during this period. Focused on reason to study the world. Enlightenment

26. What government organization is this? set up the Continental Army signed the Declaration of Independence Acted as the government of the thirteen colonies during the Revolutionary War. Second Continental Congress

27. The Declaration of Independence Who wrote it? Thomas Jefferson When? 1776

28. List the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation A unicameral legislature but no executive or judicial branch No power to tax No power to control interstate or foreign trade

29. Name this Compromise Created a House of Representatives based on population Created a Senate where each state had two senators Great Compromise

30. Name this compromise. Counted Three-Fifths of a state’s slave population for both tax and representation purposes. Three-Fifths Compromise

31. The Constitutional Convention Formed a federal republic. Federal means? Power is split between a national and a state government. Republic means? The people elect their representatives.

32. Name these two groups. Supported the Constitution and pushed for its ratification. Federalists Opposed the Constitution until the Bill of Rights was added. Antifederalists

33. Name these documents. A group of newspaper articles written by the Federalists supporting the Constitution. Written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay The Federalist Papers

34. Name the first two political parties. Federalists - educated elite, businessmen, liked strong federal government, led by Hamilton Democratic-Republicans – farmers, common workers, supported state government, led by Jefferson

35. Name the most important Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Marshall Presided over important court cases that set the standard of law for our country. These include: Marbury vs. Madison Gibbons vs. Ogden

36. Marbury v. Madison Why was it important? Gave the Supreme Court the power of JUDICIAL REVIEW Judicial review means? Declare a law unconstitutional.

37. Gibbons v. Ogden Why was it important? Gave Congress the power to control INTERSTATE COMMERCE which means any goods that cross state lines.

38. AHSGE STANDARD III, OBJECTIVE 1

39. Causes of Revolutionary War Navigation Acts – restricted trade to British ports only. Boston Massacre - British soldiers killed five civilians including Crispus Attacks Boston Tea Party – colonists dumped British tea in the harbor.

40. Patrick Henry Member of the Virginia Assembly Pushed hard for separation from England Famous Speech –“Give me liberty or Give me death”

41. Leaders of the Revolution George Washington – leader of Continental Army and First President

42. Leaders of the Revolution Samuel Adams - founded Sons of Liberty and involved in Boston Tea Party and other actions against the British.

43. Leaders of the Revolution Paul Revere - Boston Silversmith who rode to warn the countryside of the British approach.

44. Leaders of the Revolution Thomas Paine – wrote Common Sense – a pamphlet explaining why the colonies should separate from Britain.

45. Leaders of the Revolution Marquis de Lafayette - French aristocrat who helped Washington win the war.

46. Two Sides of War Patriots – colonists who wanted to separate from Britain Loyalists – colonists who supported the king

47. Military Campaign Valley Forge : Washington’s winter camp. Victory at Trenton saved the army from disbanding

48. Military Campaigns Saratoga – turning point of the war. Brought French assistance to help win the war.

49. Military Campaigns Yorktown – Patriots defeat the British army in Virginia in 1781.

50. Consequences of the War Treaty of Paris ended war. –Set boundaries at Mississippi River –Left British forts in wilderness which led to the War of 1812

51. AHSGE STANDARD THREE, OBJECTIVE II

52. Expansion Westward Under Articles of Confederation Land Ordinance of 1785 –Plans for surveying western lands

53. Expansion Westward Under Articles of Confederation Northwest Ordinance –Divided area into territories –Set rules for becoming a state

54. Louisiana Purchase -Thomas Jefferson bought the land from Napoleon for 15 million dollars. -Doubled the size of the United States.

55. Lewis and Clark Sent by President Jefferson to survey what he bought. Sent back scientific samples. Made it to the Pacific Ocean after 4 years.

56. Sacajawea Served as guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark Only 17 with a baby.

57. Era of Good Feelings Period where the Republican Party was the only party. Politicians under President James Monroe got along.

58. The American System Proposed by Henry Clay –Set up a transportation system – the National Road and the Erie Canal. These were needed to expand economically,

59. The American System Set up the Second National Bank of the United States to manage the economy. Put protective tariffs (tax on imports) to protect American businesses.

60. Alabama Statehood Alabama became a state in 1819. –Formed out of the Mississippi Territory

61. Missouri Compromise - 1820 Tried to solve the clash over slavery –Purpose was to balance power in the Senate between free and slave states. –Eleven states each as Maine came in as a free state and Missouri came in as slave state –36’ 30 North latitude set as northern boundary for slavery.

62. Monroe Doctrine Statement by President Monroe –Said U.S. opposed any European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere Really meant European states should not mess with Central and South America. Those were U.S. territory.

63. Indian Removal Act Native Americans first moved from Mississippi, Illinois, and Alabama to the west. Signed by President Andrew Jackson

64. Trail of Tears Cherokee were forced to walk from Alabama and Georgia to Oklahoma Government did this despite a Supreme Court ruling to the contrary.

65. Manifest Destiny Belief it was God’s destiny that the U.S. would expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean. People moved to get cheap land and start new lives.

66. Trails West Santa Fe Trail – from Missouri to Santa Fe

67. Trails West Oregon Trail – from Independence Missouri to Portland Oregon

68. Trails West Mormon Trail – from Illinois to Salt lake City, Utah –Mormons moved to avoid harassment

69. Gold Rush - 1849 People rushed to California after gold found at Sutter’s Mill. –Doubled size of California’s population –California applies for entry into U.S. as a free state

70. Texas Independence Texas fought Mexico and became independent in 1836. –Defeated Santa Anna after he massacred Americans at the Alamo.

71. Mexican – American War U.S. defeated Santa Anna in 1948, signing the Treaty of Guadalupe – Hildago. –Border set at Rio Grande –California gains independence –U.S. gains southwestern territory (New Mexico, Arizona, etc.)

72. War of 1812 Causes –Treaty of Paris –Blockade of Europe by Jefferson to punish British and French –British impressed sailors into British Navy

73. Battles of War of 1812 Invasion of Canada a failure. British burned Capitol and the White House.

74. Alabama Battle Battle of Horseshoe Bend –Andrew Jackson slaughtered Creeks who were aiding the British Army

75. Star Spangled Banner Francis Scott Key wrote the banner as he was imprisoned on a British ship. –He was watching the Battle of Fort McHenry when British invaded Baltimore.

76. Battle of New Orleans Andrew Jackson fought this two weeks after war ended. Made him famous and helped him become President.

77. Consequences of War of 1812 People now looked as themselves as Americans, not state citizens Nationalism Grew More people moved West

78. Marshall Court Supreme Court Justice John Marshall’s decisions settled Constitutional issues.

79. Marbury vs. Madison Gave the court judicial review. Judicial review means the court can declare a law unconstitutional.

80. Gibbons vs. Ogden Set the rule that Congress controls interstate commerce.

81. McCulloch vs. Maryland Said states couldn’t tax federal government. Confirmed implied powers of Congress.

82. Jacksonian Democracy President Jackson appealed to the common man. –Used Spoils System – put his friends in office. –Used pet banks – put the country’s money in his friends banks –Allowed all white males to vote – no property ownership

83. Nullification Crisis Nullification means not paying attention to a law South Carolina under John Calhoun refused to follow a tariff law passed by Congress. Jackson threatened to invade South Carolina Preview of the Civil War

84. AHSGE Standard IV Objective 1

85. Leading to the Civil War Compromise of 1850 –California admitted as a slave state. –Fugitive Slave Law: statement of slave owner was all that was needed to return runaway slaves.

86. Leading to the Civil War Kansas-Nebraska Act –Repealed Missouri Compromise –Created Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory –Territories could vote on slavery issue (popular sovereignty) –Led to “Bloody Kansas” as people rushed into territories to vote. Many died as they fought over slavery.

87. The Civil War Dred Scott Decision –Dred Scott was a slave taken to a free state and returned to a slave state –Challenged return in a lawsuit to the Supreme Court, saying he was free –Supreme Court ruled he was not a citizen, but property –This angered abolitionists

88. The Civil War Lincoln was elected President in 1860 –Democrats split vote between North and South and Lincoln elected as member of the new antislavery Republican Party. –Southerners felt they had no voice in government under Lincoln and seceded. –Feb. 4, 1861, the Confederate States of America was formed. First capital city was Montgomery, Alabama.

89. The Civil War Jefferson Davis was elected President of the Confederacy. Davis ordered an attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina. This started the Civil War. 11 Southern states seceded.

90. The Civil War Six western counties of Virginia seceded from Virginia and became West Virginia. Winston County in Alabama voted on seceding from Alabama. Measure failed to pass by one vote.

91. The Civil War Northern Goals –Called the Anaconda Plan because North wanted to squeeze the South –Three part plan Blockade the Southern Ports Capture capital of Richmond (moved to Richmond from Montgomery) Control Mississippi River to split Confederacy

92. The Civil War Southern Goals –Short War –Defend property –Attack the North if opportunity allows

93. The Civil War North had an enormous advantage in resources. More men, railroads, guns, etc. Draft riots in the North as poor were drafted for the war. Copperheads in North opposed the war.

94. The Civil War Emancipation Proclamation: 1863 –Lincoln announced slaves in rebelling states were free. –Announced war was being fought over slavery and slavery would end if North won.

95. The Civil War During the war, life in the Western territories continued. –Homestead Act (1862): provided 160 acres and a mule to any male who would settle on free government land in the west. –Morrill Land Grant Act: created agricultural colleges in each state

96. Battles of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run: first battle, Confederacy won Battle of Shiloh: First Bloody Battle of the War (23,000 dead) Battle of Antietam: Bloodiest Day of the War (24,000 dead)

97. Battles of the Civil War Turning Points (War turned to North’s favor) –Battle of Gettysburg – 3 day battle in Pennsylvania. Lee lost so many men he couldn’t go on the offensive. –Battle of Vicksburg: General Grant took the city, giving him control of the city and the Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy in two.

98. Battles of the Civil War March to the Sea –William Tecumseh Sherman marched through Georgia to the ocean destroying civilian crops, farms etc. –Purpose was to get civilians to push for an end to the war.

99. End of the Civil War General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomatox Courthouse in1865. –Southern soldiers allowed to go home –Jefferson Davis imprisoned

100. Standard IV: Reconstruction Lincoln wanted to allow Southern states back in the union if 10% of the people swore allegiance to the Union. Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C.

101. Reconstruction - continued Congress reacted to assassination with Radical Reconstruction –Five military districts created out of Southern states. South under military occupation. –To get back in the Union, southern states had to give African-Americans the right to vote. –Radicals introduced the 14 th and 15 th Amendments

102. Reconstruction 14 th Amendment: all people born in the U.S. are citizens and gave all citizens due process 15 th Amendment: can not deny the right to vote based on race (African-Americans can vote)

103. Life After the Civil War Scalawags- White Southerners who joined Republican Party Carpetbaggers- Northerners who moved South to take advantage of war ravaged Southerners Jim Crow Laws: laws segregating blacks and whites in the South

104. Life After the Civil War 13 th Amendment: Ended Slavery –Sharecropping: landowners gave workers tools and seed in return for a portion of harvested crop –Tenant farming: farmers supplied own tools and seed but rented land from landowners

105. Standard IV: Continued General Grant is elected president. –Scandals rock his presidency His officials were accepting bribes

106. End of Reconstruction Compromise of 1877 –Rutherford B. Hayes makes a deal with Southern Democrats in order to become President. Withdraws rest of federal troops from the South Provides money to build railroad, bridges, etc. Appoints a Southerner to his cabinet.

107. AHSGE STANDARD V, OBJECTIVE 1

108. Define the following words Great Plains Vast grassland throughout central U.S. Soddies Homes on the Great Plains built of grass

109. Define the Following Words Longhorns Sturdy breed of cattle raised in Southwest Homestead Act Provided 160 acres of free land if you stayed on land 5 years Morrill Land Grant Act – sets up agricultural colleges such as Auburn

110. Native Americans Sitting Bull kills Custer’s 7 th Cavalry at Battle of Little Big Horn 7 th Cavalry massacres 300 Sioux at Battle of Wounded Knee. Chief Joseph leads Nez Pierce to escape soldiers

111. Native American Society Dawes Act broke up reservation. Individual land to Indians to make them farmers. Assimilation – Native American children sent to school and taught to be European

112. Life in the West What animal was killed almost to extinction, destroying Native Americans source of food, clothes, and shelter? buffalo

113. Transcontinental Railroad Completed May 1869 in Utah with a golden spike Connected country; farmers could now ship goods across country

114. Farmers vs. Railroad Grange – educational organization set up to help farmers combat railroad monopoly Created Populist Party – farmers and workers united to elect congressmen and senators

115. Farmers in Alabama Boll weevil destroys cotton. Farmers grow peanuts instead. George Washington Carver – Tuskegee – invented ways to use peanuts

116. AHSGE STANDARD V, OBJECTIVE 2

117. IMPORTANT INVENTIONS Barbed Wire – closed the west Revolver – made people equal – used for protection Windmill – allowed farmers to settle away from rivers in the middle of the Great Plains

118. IMPORTANT INVENTIONS Samuel Morse – the telegraph – allowed for quick communication Alexander Graham Bell – the telephone Thomas Edison – electricity; the light bulb Transatlantic cable – quick communication between Europe and America

119. INDUSTRIALIZATION Andrew Carnegie – monopolized steel industry John Rockefeller - monopolized oil industry

120. INDUSTRY IN ALABAMA Bessemer Process – made steel cheap to produce Birmingham – steel capital; major Alabama industry Fishing – major industry in Mobile

121. WORDS TO KNOW Social Darwinism – most fit in business and society will survive Gospel of Wealth - rich people are supposed to use money for social good – example is Carnegie and his libraries

122. MUCKRAKERS These were journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business Ida Tarbell – wrote about Standard Oil Upton Sinclair – wrote The Jungle, a book about the meatpacking industry

123. IMMIGRATION European immigrants came into the country through Ellis Island Chinese Exclusion Act – banned Chinese immigration Gentlemen’s Agreement – limited Japanese immigrants

124. NEW LAWS TO SUPPRESS AFRICAN-AMERICANS Jim Crow Laws – allow desegregation and poll taxes ( a tax on voting) Plessy v. Ferguson – the Supreme Court says segregation is legal based on “separate but equal” Alabama Constitution written in 1901 limits rights

125. PROGRESSIVISM Middle class movement to protect social welfare and provide moral and economic reform 18 th Amendment - prohibition (alcohol illegal). 19 th Amendment – women have right to vote (women’s suffrage)

126. PROGRESSIVISM Theodore Roosevelt passes Square Deal –Passes Sherman Antitrust Act to limit monopolies –Newlands Act protects wilderness –Interstate Commerce Commission – limit the power of the railroad

127. PROGRESSIVISM Woodrow Wilson passes reforms. –Clayton Antitrust Act limits monopolies more. –Federal Trade Commission limits unfair business practices. –Federal Reserve System become bank’s bank.

128. AHSGE STANDARD VI, OBJECTIVE 1

129. U.S. IMPERIALISM Imperialism means strong countries colonize or control weak countries. Countries want raw materials and new markets. Allows U.S. to expand military around the world.

130. U.S. IMPERIALISM Hawaii – Queen Liliuokalani overthrown; U.S. annexes Hawaii. Spanish – American War - U.S. gets Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines and Cuba - Warship Maine blows up in Havana Harbor – Yellow Journalists exaggerate it, saying Spain blew it up – led to war

131. U.S. IMPERIALISM Open Door Policy – U. S. meddles in Chinese affairs Builds Panama Canal after helping Panamanians revolt against Columbia. Monroe Doctrine – warned Europe to stay out of Latin America Roosevelt Corollary-gave U.S. police power (U.S. troops interfere in Latin America

132. WORLD WAR I Long Term Causes: Militarism: nations build large militaries to protect their interests Alliances: nations agree to help each other – one goes to war, all go to war Imperialism: nations fight over colonies Nationalism: national interests above all

133. WORLD WAR I Short term cause Archduke Francis-Ferdinand assassinated Heir to throne of Austria-Hungary - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Alliances kick in - WWI starts

134. WORLD WAR I Central Power (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire) vs. Allies (Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy) Trench Warfare - stalemate in trenches, poison gas, tanks, machine guns

135. U.S. ENTERS THE WAR German U-Boat sinks Lusitania killing 128 Americans. Zimmerman note – Germany tries to get Mexico to invade U.S. After Russian Revolution, Russia pull out of war. U.S. enters in 1917.

136. U.S. POLICIES AT HOME Selective Service Act – passed by Congress to draft soldiers Food rationed and victory gardens Great Migration – African-Americans move north for jobs in war industries

137. U.S. POLICIES AT HOME Women work in factories. Rationing takes place, victory gardens grown Espionage and Sedition Acts - limit opposition at home – violates 1 st Amendment

138. WOODROW WILSON WORKS FOR PEACE Creates Fourteen Points – a plan for world peace One point is League of Nations – an organization for world peace. Senate refuses to ratify treaty.

139. WAR ENDS Lasted from 1914 to 1918 Treaty of Versailles signed – Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary broken up. –Germany blamed for war; must pay millions in reparations –Gives rise to Hitler which causes WWII

140. AHSGE STANDARD VI, OBJECTIVE 2

141. ROARING TWENTIES Red Scare – people scared of Communism and communist party Sacco and Vanzetti – accused Communists set up for stealing a payroll and sentenced to death Emergency Quota Act – limits immigration

142. ROARING TWENTIES Time of prohibition –Speakeasies: clubs where liquor is sold illegally –Bootleggers; smuggle liquor

143. PEOPLE TO KNOW F. Scott Fitzgerald – famous writer; lives in Montgomery with wife Zelda Ernest Hemmingway – writes A Farewell To Arms Margaret Sanger – nurse who pushed for legalized birth control

144. HARLEM RENAISSANCE Literary and artistic movement in the 20s celebrating African-American culture Langston Hughes – a black poet Zora Neale Hurston – a black author

145. AHSGE STANDARD VII, OBJECTIVE 1

146. Great Depression Farmers can’t sell surplus food. Can’t pay loans – banks begin to fail Stock Market crashes in October 1929. Soup kitchens and bread lines form. Dust Bowl (drought) strikes Great Plains

147. GREAT DEPRESSION President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) passes New Deal. Talks on radio to comfort Americans – Fireside Chats –Tennessee Valley Authority – electricity comes to Tennessee Valley –Social Security Act passed –Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation – insurance on bank accounts

148. AHSGE STANDARD VII, OBJECTIVE 2

149. Causes of World War II Treaty of Versailles brings Hitler to power. Appeasement: France and Britain led Hitler invade lands. Munich Conference: Britain and France let Hitler have Czechoslovakia

150. Immediate Cause of WWII Hitler invades Poland in 1939 WWII is blitzkreig war – lightning war which means fast tanks and airplanes

151. U.S. ENTERS WAR U.S. opposes Japanese invasion of Manchuria in China. Japanese attacks Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

152. Political Leaders FDR – U.S. President Winston Churchill – Prime Minister of great Britain Hitler – leader of Germany

153. POLITICAL LEADERS Benito Mussolini – leader of Italy Joseph Stalin – leader of Communist Russia Allies – U.S., Great Britain, Russia, France, and China Axis – Germany, Italy, Japan

154. Military Leaders General Dwight D. Eisenhower – Supreme Allied Commander General Douglas MacArthur – leader of troops in the Pacific

155. Turning Points of the War Stalingrad – Russians stop German invasion after siege of Stalingrad Battle of Midway: U.S. destroys Japanese planes and ships; begins island hopping towards Japan D-Day – June 6, 1944. Allies invade Normandy, France and head towards Germany

156. END OF WWII May 1945 – Hitler kills himself as Allies invade Berlin U.S. drops nuclear bombs on Japan – Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Aug 1945