1. Computer science: Hardware – Software components The mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components making up a computer system The programs and instructions which direct a computer. The instructions (programs) that make a computer do useful work. Set of instructions that controls the operation of a computer

2. WatSan Programs: Hardware – Software components 3 5 Technology choice: tanks, pipes, pumps, and latrines. Community management system (control of the system, ownership of the system and contribution to cost operation & maintenance of the system). Hygiene behavioural change

3.  Control: power to make strategic decisions  Sense of ownership: legal ownership, contribution to planning, construction and capital cost.  O&M: day-to-day maintenance of the system Working as partners with the community Community management system

4. The effects of Partnership  Partnership gives dignity and sense of value to the poor.  They come to see they can do things and obtain things for themselves.  Instead of being passive receivers they become active participants. Partnership helps make a project sustainable.  People themselves learn to change wrong patterns and adopt correct ones.

5. Hygiene behavioral change Experience has shown that in different disaster scenarios, illness and death is often more closely linked to poor sanitation and hygiene than to inadequate water supply. This could save the lives of 3.000 children a day The consequence is diarrhoeal diseases which kills six thousand children every day of the year. The simple act of washing hands with soap and water could alone cut this figure by almost half. WASH Campaign. www.wsscc.org S O A P

6. Software component: PHAST PHAST = Participatory Hygiene And Sanitation Transformation What PHAST Tries to Achieve: Improve hygiene behaviours and prevent diarrhoeal diseases Encourage community management of water & Sanitation facilities It does this by: Demonstrating the relationship between sanitation and health status Empowering the community to plan environmental improvements and to own and operate water and sanitation facilities

7. 7 Step by step process Community Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Problem identification Problem analysis Planning for solutions The community developed a belief in their own ability to solve their own problems Selecting technology options Empowering the community to plan environmental improvements Planning for new facilities and behaviour change Empowering the community to own and operate water and sanitation facilities and commit behavioural change Planning for monitoring and evaluation Participatory evaluation The community has a basic understanding of the health implications of poor water supply and sanitation.

8. Why should RC/RC use PHAST  Experience has showed that failure of the engineering interventions in the long term is due to poor community operation and maintenance. PHAST can help solve these problems.  Red Cross/ Red Crescent volunteers have a good background to become PHAST facilitators.  Link with Health (CBFA, CBHP) and DP (VCA) programs.