1. Chapter 9 Classification of Matter

2. Objectives 9.1 Distinguish between substances and mixtures 9.1 Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, and suspensions 9.2 Identify two colloids related to air and water pollution. 9.3 Give examples of physical properties

3. Objectives 9.3 Distinguish between physical and chemical changes 9.3 Distinguish between chemical and physical properties 9.3 State and explain the law of conservation of mass

4. Substance Substance: Matter with fixed composition and properties. Can be an element (single type of atom) or a compound (mixture of more than one element bound to each other) – Elements found on periodic table (H) – Compounds not found on periodic table (H 2 O) – NOT Orange Juice (mixture of multiple substances)

5. Element Element: Substance that can’t be broken down to be smaller by chemical means – Examples: Iron, Lead, Aluminum – All atoms are the same, that is an element

6. Compounds Compounds: Smallest unit of a substance that keeps all physical and chemical properties of the substance – Two or more atoms combined in a definite ratio – Ex: Water, Sugar

7. Compound

8. Mixtures Combination of two or more substances in which each substances maintains its identity – The substances are near each other but do not react/interact with one another to change who they are – Example: Sugar Water – Not an example: Oxygen and Gasoline

9. Homogenous Mixture Substances EVENLY Mixed – Salt Water, Salts

10. Heterogenous Mixture Substances UNEVENLY Mixed – Salad Dressing, Lucky Charms

13. Solutions Homogenous mixtures are solutions – Can be any state of matter – Alloys: Solid Solutions Solute: Being dissolved (less of) Solvent: Dissolving the other (more of) – Example: Sugar water, Sugar is solute – Water is often called a Universal Solvent – When water is solvent, the solution is Aqueous

14. Colloids Colloid: A heterogenous mixure which has large particles suspended – Examples include: Milk, Fog Tyndall Effect: Colloids Scatter light as it passes through

15. Colloid

17. Colloids Used in Water Treatment plants to purify water Colloids tend to be sticky and end up destroying themselves by coagulation – Coagulation: Small particles become attracted to each other, become to large when attached and can no longer be suspended, fall out of solution – Our Blood clots through coagulation

18. Physical Properties A characteristic of a substance that does not involve chemical change – Density, Color, Hardness If you observe the behavior without changing the substance, it is physical

19. Physical Change Change which does not alter the identity of the substance – Cutting a stick of butter in half, you still have butter – Melting Ice – Solid or Gaseous Iodine

20. States of Matter States of matter are Physical Properties When you change state, you stay who you are – When water boils, still water Freeze and Melt, Boil and Condense

21. Chemical Properties Property of matter which describes how the substance interacts/participates in chemical reactions – Flammable, Reactivity, Acidic/Basic

22. Chemical Change Identities of the initial substance are changed, new substance is formed – Acid Rain – Combustion Reactions

23. Chemical Reactions A rearrangement of Atoms to form new bonds. The atoms are not created or destroyed, so Mass is conserved – Law of Conservation of Mass: In chemical reactions/change, mass is neither created or destroyed