1. Unit 7 Genetics Study Guide

2. 1. Mitosis A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent. Produces an exact copy of the parent & only requires one parent. Asexual Reproduction

3. 2. Meiosis Type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Genetic materials passed from both parents. Sexual Reproduction

4. 3. Asexual Reproduction Reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism and inherit the genes of that parent only. Only one parent required Exact copy of parent Mitosis

5. 4. Sexual Reproduction The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals ( male and female). Meiosis

6. 5. Dominant An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.

7. 6. Recessive Allele An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.

8. 7. Phenotype The set of observable characteristics (physical) of an individual. What we physically “see”. “Photo”---what we “see” in a photo.

9. 8. Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait. (DD dd)

10. 9. Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait. (Dd)

11. 10. Alleles Chromosomes often have alternate forms, or alleles, which influence the organism's traits.

12. 11. Heredity Heredity is the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation.

13. 12. Homologous Pairs A pair of similar chromosomes with the same genes in the same locations.

14. 13. Gene A section of a chromosome that controls a particular trait.

15. 14. Chromosome Genetic information is encoded in DNA. DNA is located in the chromosomes of cells.

16. 15. Selective Breeding The process by which humans breed animals or plants for particular traits. Examples: Cows, Crops (corn), and other plants.

17. 16. _Mutations____ are any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a cell’s gene or chromosome. This can be caused by X-Rays, sunlight and chemicals. If this occurs in a body cell, it will not be passed on to the offspring. However, if it occurs within a sex cell, it can be passed on to the offspring.