1. General Pathology Basic Principles of Cellular and Organ Pathology Oncology - II Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol.,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague

2. General Oncology - 2 u Biology of the neoplastic growth u Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) u Classification of the neoplasms u Methods of tumour diagnostics u Neoplasm prognostification

3. Tumour swelling of any kind NEOPLASIA

4. Def.: persistent abnormal relatively autonomous proliferation of cells

5. Neoplasia (Tumour) v DNA disease: Stepwise accumulation of genetic abnormalities v Escape of immunological clearing systems

6. General Oncology - 2 u Biology of the neoplastic growth u Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) u Classification of the neoplasms u Methods of tumour diagnostics u Neoplasm prognostification

7. NEOPLASIA – classification BEHAVIORAL v benign v borderline v malignant histological vs. clinical behaviour

8. NEOPLASIA – growth benign expansive borderline - locally destructive malignant infiltrative METASTASES

9. Metastasis Def.: development of secondary tumour foci in the distant places

10. Metastases - pathways v seeding (body cavities) v lymphatic spread v hematogenous spread

11. NEOPLASIA – architecture solid glandular papillary cystopapillary dissociated

12. NEOPLASIA – cytology Benign similar to nonneoplastic Malignant cellular pleomorphism NUCLEAR FEATURES: hyperchromasia (polyploidy, aneuploidy) rough chromatine structure irregular nuclear outline large and/or multiple nucleoli or undifferentiated monotonous cellularity

13. General Oncology - 2 u Biology of the neoplastic growth u Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) u Classification of the neoplasms u Methods of tumour diagnostics u Neoplasm prognostification

14. Pseudotumors Definition: - pathological lesions of different etiology masquerading real neoplasms

15. Pseudotumors v cysts v pseudocysts v deposits of pathol. material (gout, ganglion, amyloid) v inflammatory pseudotumors (tuberculoma) v hyperplasia (esp. nodular) v embryonal development disturbance (choristia, hamarcia)

16. Hamartia – Hamartoma Def.: A mass of disorganized tissue indigenous to the particular site.

17. Precanceroses (preblastomatoses) Definition: - pathological conditions of various etiology bearing inscreased risk of malignancy development

18. Nonneoplastic Growth Disturbances – II v repair v hypertrophy / atrophy v hyperplasia v metaplasia v dysplasia v anaplasia – undifferentiation

19. Precanceroses (preblastomatoses) v most pseudotumorous processes with dysplasia features v dysplastic and metaplastic lesions looking not like tumours (SIL, intest. metaplasia)

20. PSEUDOTUMORS and PRECANCEROSES (preblastomatoses) pseudotumors precanceroses

21. Diagnosis early less complicated therapy pseudotumors – clinical – morphological precanceroses – screening –morphological precanceroses – screening –morphological

22. General Oncology - 2 u Biology of the neoplastic growth u Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) u Classification of the neoplasms u Methods of tumour diagnostics u Neoplasm prognostification

23. NEOPLASIA – classification HISTOGENETIC v mesenchymal v epithelial v neuroectodermal v mixed, teratoma v choriocarcinoma v mesotelioma

24. General Oncology - 2 u Biology of the neoplastic growth u Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) u Classification of the neoplasms u Methods of tumour diagnostics u Neoplasm prognostification

25. Methods of tumour diagnostics u Clinical symptoms – history u imaging techniques, laboratory tests u morphology – cytology & histology & autopsy u Symptomles precanceroses / tumours – screening – e.g. Hemocult, Pap-test – histology incl. special staining methods – immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy – genetic analysis

26. Malignant Tumour TYPING ICD-O GRADING G1 G2 G3 STAGING pT pN pM Tumour -Noduli-Metastases

27. General Oncology - 2 u Biology of the neoplastic growth u Precanceroses (& pseudotumours) u Classification of the neoplasms u Methods of tumour diagnostics u Neoplasm prognostification

28. Malignant Tumour TYPING ICD-O GRADING G1 G2 G3 STAGING pT pN pM Tumour -Noduli-Metastases