1. Michael A. Hitt C. Chet Miller Adrienne Colella communication

2. K NOWLEDGE O BJECTIVES  Explain why communication is strategically important to organizations.  Describe the fundamental communication process.  Discuss important aspects of communication that affect the organization or its units, including networks and the direction of communication flow.  Define interpersonal communication and discuss the roles of formal versus informal communication, communication media, communication technology, and nonverbal communication.  Describe organizational and individual barriers to effective communication.  Understand how organizations and individuals can overcome communication barriers. ?

3. C OMMUNICATION Sharing information between two or more people to achieve a common understanding.

4. Sent Message Feedback C OMMUNICATION P ROCESS Communication Medium Encoded Message Received Message Decoded Message Adapted from Exhibit 9-1: Sent Message Sender Receiver Received Feedback

5. C OMMUNICATION N ETWORKS Centralized  all communications pass through a central point or points  one or a few members of the network control most of the information exchanges Decentralized  no single member of the network dominates information exchanges

6. C OMMUNICATION N ETWORKS Adapted from Exhibit 9-2: Communication Networks Y Network Wheel Network Circle Network Decentralized Networks Centralized Networks All Connected Network

7. Organizational Communication: ● Downward ● Upward ● Horizontal

8. I NTERPERSONAL C OMMUNICATION Direct verbal or nonverbal interaction between two or more active participants.

9. T YPES OF I NTERPERSONAL Formal  Follows the formal organizational structure  Communicates organizationally sanctioned information Informal  Spontaneous interaction between two or more people outside the formal structure  Rumors  Gossip

10. Face-to-faceTelephoneElectronic messagingPersonal writtenFormal writtenFormal numerical Communication MediaRichest Least Rich

11. C OMMUNICATION T ECHNOLOGIES  World wide web  Private intranets  Virtual private networks  Web based conferencing  Cell phones  Multi-featured mobile communication devices

12. N ONVERBAL C OMMUNICATION Takes place without using spoken or written language... through facial expressions and body language.

13. Effective Communication Information Overload Noise Time Pressures Network Breakdowns Specialty Area Jargon Information Distortion Cross- cultural Barriers O RGANIZATIONAL B ARRIERS

14. Effective Communication Differing Perceptions Semantic Differences Status Differences Self-Interest Personal Space Poor Listening I NDIVIDUAL B ARRIERS

15. Planning Meeting Interview Management Collect, Inventory, Analyze Interview Associates Measure Attitudes Communicate Results O VERCOMING C OMMUNICATION B ARRIERS  Conduct Communication Audit  analyze internal and external communication  assess communication practices and capabilities  determine needs

16.  Improve Communication Climates  perceptions regarding quality of communication O VERCOMING C OMMUNICATION B ARRIERS

17.  Encourage Individual Actions  know your audience  select appropriate communication medium  regulate information flow and timing  encourage feedback  listen actively O VERCOMING C OMMUNICATION B ARRIERS

18. Stop Talking Pay Attention Listen Empathetically Hear Before Evaluating Listen to the Whole Message Send Feedback S TEPS TO E FFECTIVE L ISTENING Adapted from Exhibit 9-5: Steps to Effective Listening

19. S TRATEGIC LENS Check out http://wileymanagementupdates.com/http://wileymanagementupdates.com/ for daily articles related to management in the news.  For which tasks in a manager’s job is effective communication critical? Explain.  Which contributes more to an organization’s performance— oral communication or written communication? Justify your answer.  What are the strengths and weaknesses in your personal communication abilities? How can you best take advantage of your strengths and overcome your weaknesses to have a successful career?  What impact is rapidly developing communication technology likely to have on communication in organizations?