1. Shin Splints

2. Shin splints is most commonly caused by overused and tired muscles that are no longer capable of protecting themselves from injury. Another common cause is improper conditioning and harmful running patterns or habits.

3. Mechanisms:  Stress fractures of the tibia or fibula  Partial tear of the muscle fascia of the gastrocnemius on the posterior tibial muscle  Stretch irritation of branches of the peroneal nerve because of muscle swelling or repetitive muscle contraction  Periostitis of the fascial attachment to the tibia

4. Treatments:  Gentle stretching of both anterior and posterior muscalature (especially the calf, heel cord, and hamstring)  Ice massage/ ice packs before and after activities  Gentle, progressive resistive exercises to build muscle tone (especially dorsi flexors of the foot)  Regular use of salicylates taken just before or during sports (some athletes improve with this regimen)

5.  Ultrasound  Tape and use an elastic wrap on the calf with padding over all involves and injured muscles  Long rest or change of sports  R.I.C.E.  Run in opposite directions on track  Change shoes every 300-600 miles  Reduce your speed and stride length

6. This wonderful A+++ worthy slideshow was brought to you by: Carly “Alcatraz”Lerma Kat “Man-Do” Ibarra Haley “Mac Dre” Macfarlane Marissa “The Pro” Gutierrez