1. The Changing Population

2. What is Population? Population – a group of people living in a particular place at a specified time. The scientific study of population is called ____________. Many factors are used to study population: size, distribution, composition, and age structure. Demographers also analyze three processes: fertility, mortality, and migration.

3. Fertility Fertility – measures the actual # of _______ born to a woman or to a population of women. _______ - the potential # of children that could be born if every woman reproduced as often as biology allowed. Fertility is measured by the _______ birth rate, which is the annual # of births per 1000 members of a population. The rate varies from country to country.

4. How is Fertility Measured? In addition to the crude birth rate, demographers use the ________ rate- the annual # of live births per 1000 women aged fifteen to forty- four. The rate that is easiest to use is the _____ fertility rate, or the average # of children born to a woman during her lifetime. What other factors influence birth rate?

5. Mortality Mortality refers to _____ within a population. To analyze mortality, we look at life ____ and life _________. Life span – the most advanced age to which humans can survive. Life expectancy – the average number of years that persons in a given population born at a particular time can expect to live.

6. How is Mortality Measured? Crude death rate – the annual number of deaths per 1000 members of a population. Average CDR = 9 per 1000. Latin America = 6/1000. Africa/Russia = 14/1000. _______ Mortality Rate – the # of deaths among infants under one year of age per 1000 live births – is considered a good indicator of health status of any group. Working together, the birth rates, fertility rates, and mortality rates determine the world population growth.

7. Migration Migration – the _________ of people from one geographic area to another. How is migration measured? _____ _______ rate – the # of persons per year per 1000 members of a population who enter or leave a geographic area. ___ migration rate – the annual increase or decrease per 1000 members of a population resulting from migration into and out of the population.