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Achieving Equity: Women, The Workplace, And The Law Temple University PERSISTENT INEQUITY: GENDER AND ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT John W. Curtis, Director of Research and Public Policy American Association of University Professors October 20, 2010
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Major Topics Data on gender equity in academic employment Explaining the persistence of inequity Social structures and the rhetoric of “choice” Shared governance and equity Implementing equity October 20, 2010Persistent Inequity: Gender and Academic Employment 2
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Academic Gender Equity: Data Student population (Fig. 1) Employment status (Fig. 2-4) Leadership positions (Fig. 5-7) Gender and contingency Instructional Staff (2007) Women: 79.3%, Men: 70.6% Salary (Fig. 8-9) Service; teaching vs. research October 20, 2010Persistent Inequity: Gender and Academic Employment 3
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Explaining Persistent Inequity No longer as much blatant discrimination Family responsibilities/caregiving (Mason, et al.) Women impacted disproportionately (sacrificing career for family or sacrificing family for career) Children (“mommy track”) Eldercare Partner accommodation (“trailing spouse”) (AAUP, 2010) October 20, 2010Persistent Inequity: Gender and Academic Employment 4
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Explaining Persistent Inequity Expectations (roles and norms) (Drago) Stigma against caregiving (Williams) Assumptions about competence and caregiving, varying impact on women and men (Valian; Williams) Paternalism (Williams) “Ideal worker” norm Changing roles for men and women both The notion of “balance” October 20, 2010Persistent Inequity: Gender and Academic Employment 5
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Social Structures and “Choice” Social structures Changes in jobs and compensation Consumption patterns Variations by race/ethnicity and SES Rhetoric of “choice” Paycheck Fairness Act (Sommers) Constraints: gendered roles; economics Children/childlessness October 20, 2010Persistent Inequity: Gender and Academic Employment 6
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Shared Governance and Equity Faculty role in appointments and compensation Shared governance and the faculty voice Leadership vs. “pleading” Unions Representation of women (May, et al) Pay differentials (Smith and Grosso) Support for caregiving (Labor Project For Working Families) October 20, 2010Persistent Inequity: Gender and Academic Employment 7
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Implementing Equity “Just a matter of time” Equity studies (Curtis, 2010) Intersection of law and data (reference) “Fear factor” (Ward and Wolf-Wendel, 2004; Drago et al., 2005) Awareness; Consciousness-raising October 20, 2010Persistent Inequity: Gender and Academic Employment 8
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Achieving Equity: Women, The Workplace, And The Law Temple University JOHN W. CURTIS DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND PUBLIC POLICY AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS E-mail: jcurtis@aaup.org (202) 737-5900 ext. 143
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