1. The Bill of Rights First 10 amendments Protects individual rights by limiting government powers

2. The Bill of Rights The incorporation doctrine – applies the bill of rights to the states

3. The Bill of Rights 1 st Amendment Freedom of religion Freedom of the press  No prior restraint

4. The Bill of Rights 1 st Amendment (cont.) Freedom of speech  Slander – false, damaging speech  Libel – damages a person in writing

5. The Bill of Rights 1 st Amendment (cont.) Freedom to assemble peaceably Right to petition the government

6. The Bill of Rights 2 nd Amendment  Right to bear arms 3 rd Amendment  Cannot force people to provide shelter for soldiers

7. The Bill of Rights 4 th Amendment  Requires warrants for search or arrest  Based on probable cause

8. The Bill of Rights 4 th Amendment  Requires warrants for search or arrest  Based on probable cause

9. The Bill of Rights 5 th Amendment  Cannot be tried twice for the same crime  Cannot be forced to testify against oneself

10. The Bill of Rights 5 th Amendment (cont.)  No one deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process

11. The Bill of Rights 5 th Amendment (cont.) – Eminent domain – government cannot take property without paying a fair price

12. The Bill of Rights 6 th Amend Trial by jury Right to an attorney

13. The Bill of Rights 7 th Amend Right to trial by jury in civil cases

14. Bill of Rights 8 th Amend No excessive bail No excessive fines No cruel and unusual punishment

15. The Bill of Rights 9 th Amend Protects rights not mentioned in the Bill of Rights

16. The Bill of Rights 10 th Amend If a power is not given to the federal government, nor prohibited to the states, it belongs to the states and the people

17. Other Amendments 11 th Amend – States cannot be sued by citizens of other states or other countries 12 th Amend – Changed how president and vice president are elected

18. Civil War Amendments 13 th Amend – outlawed slavery 14 th Amend States must follow “due process” “equal protection of the laws”

19. Civil War Amendments 15 th Amend – cannot deprive someone the right to vote based on race

20. Later Amendments 16 th Amend – income tax 17 th Amend – Senators elected by the people

21. Later Amendments 18 th Amend – Prohibition of the sale of alcohol. 19 th Amend – Women have the right to vote

22. Later Amendments 20 th Amend – shortened “lame duck” status 21 st Amend – repealed Prohibition

23. Later Amendments 22 nd Amend – President limited to two terms 23 rd Amend – D.C. gets electoral college votes

24. Later Amendments 24 th Amend – prohibits poll taxes 25 th Amend – Clarifies role of vice-president

25. Later Amendments 26 th Amend – lowers voting age to 18 27 th Amend – Affects congressional pay raises