1. Round 1 Round 2

2. NeuronsElectrical States of Neurons Types of Nervous Systems Sensory Receptors Control of Functions in the Brain Other Components of the Nervous System 100 200 300 400 500 Final Jeopardy Round 1 Round 2 Round 1

3. What are the two parts of a neuron specifically designed for the sending and receiving of electrical impulses? Dendrite – Receiving Axon – Sending Round 1

4. Which type of neuron receives the initial stimulus? Sensory Neuron Exs. Eye stimulated by light, Hand stimulated by touch

5. Round 1 What do motor neurons stimulate? Effector Muscles Ex. Stimulate muscles to create movement

6. What type of nerves are housed in the nose? Round 1 Olfactory Nerves

7. Nerves and sensory organs belong to which subdivision of the nervous system? Peripheral Nervous system peripheral axons lead to the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and central axons lead to the Central Nervous System (CNS) Round 1

8. What is the name of the cell body of a neuron? soma Round 1

9. The action potential causes the release of which ions? Ka Round 1

10. What do we call an impulse that increases the likelihood of continued action potential? Round 1 Excitatory

11. What portion of the axon do action potential occur on? Schwann cells limit action potential to the Nodes of the Ranvier Round 1

12. Where is a neurotransmitter received? The Dendrite Round 1

13. What is the main function of the synpase? Release neurotransmitters Round 1

14. Of what does a central nervous system consist? a brain and a spinal cord Round 1

15. What does the somatic nervous system do? Round 1 It contracts the skeletal muscles

16. What does the autonomic nervous system control? controls the activity of organs and various involuntary muscles Ex. Cardiac and Smooth Round 1

17. What does the peripheral nervous system consist of? nerves and sensory organs Round 1

18. What stimulates mechanoreceptors? pressure/ physical stimuli Ex. Touch, stretch, motion, sound Round 1

19. Excess heat, pressure or specific classes of chemicals released from damaged tissues stimulate what kind of receptors? Round 1 Pain Receptors

20. Photoreceptors detect what? Visible Light (Photoreceptors) Round 1

21. Hot and cold are detected by what kind of receptor? Thermoreceptors they also help maintain body temperature Round 1

22. Chemoreceptors detect what kind of signals? information about chemical composition Ex. Taste and smell Round 1

23. Long term memory is controlled by what? Temporal Lobe Round 1

24. What is the function of the frontal lobe? Critical Thinking Round 1

25. Emotions are controlled by what part of the brain? the limbic system or a ring of cortical and noncortical centers around the brainstem mediates primary emotions and attaches emotional “feelings” to survival-related functions Round 1

26. Language and speech are controlled by what parts of the brain? the frontal and temporal lobes Round 1

27. What three parts of the brain are involved in memory? frontal lobes – short term memory temporal– longterm memory The frontal lobes communicate with the hippocampus and amygdala to create long-term memory Round 1

28. What is a myelin sheath? Protective insulation on the axon Round 1

29. What is the function of the Schwann cell? produce myelin, control speed of impulse Round 1

30. What does the brain stem control? involuntary and basic contraction, reflex Round 1

31. What portion of the neuron extends to connect portions of the system? axons Round 1

32. Schwann cells are found as myelin sheaths in which type of nervous system? the peripheral nervous system Round 1

33. Final Jeopardy Answer Round 1 The 24-hour cycle of biochemical, physiological, or behavioral processes of living entities Round 2 More Review

34. Final Jeopardy Answer What is the circadian rhythm?

35. Round 2 Brain Sections Brain Sections Continued Central Nervous System Diseases of the CNS Review Questions Review Questions Continued 200 400 600 800 1000 Final Jeopardy Round 2More Review

36. The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain are all part of what section of the brain? Round 1 The brianstem This controls functions such as breathing rate, regulates arousal and sleep, and conducts sensory and motor signals between the spinal cord

37. What are the four divisions of the cerebrum? Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital Round 1

38. What does the cerebellum control? Round 1 Motor, perceptual, and cognitive functions

39. What does the frontal lobe control? critical thinking Round 1

40. What is the function of the hypothalmus? regulates homeostasis This includes the following functions: feeding, fighting, fleeing, and reproducing. It is also a thermostat, an appestat (adjusts appetite), a thirst center, and regulates circadian rhythms. Round 1

41. What does the parietal lobe control? Spatial Orientation Sensory Information from the skin Round 1

42. What embryonic part of the brain give rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus in adults? the diencephalon Round 1

43. What is the difference between sensory neurons and motor neurons? Sensory neurons receive information Motor neurons respond to information Round 1

44. The cerebrum controls cognitive functions among others. Give two examples of a cognitive function. learning, decision-making, conciousness, and an integrated sensory awareness with surroundings Round 1

45. What feature of the neocortex (part of the cerebrum) is used to identify it from the cerebellum? (Think physical appearance) convolutions, or indents Round 1

46. Unlike the PNS, what can the CNS not do? the CNS cannot repair itself after injury Ex. brain and spinal cord injuries, strokes, and diseases that destroy the neurons (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s) Round 2

47. What are the short branches off of the soma called? Dendrites Round 2

48. True or False: The cerebrum is the first part of the brain to develop. False The brain stem is the first portion of the brain to develop, as it controls the involuntary requirements to live. Round 2

49. True or False: Mature neurons cannot divide True new neuron development comes from stem cells that survive in the brain, not mature neurons Round 2

50. What are two ocular disorders we have discussed in class? Cataract Glaucoma Round 2

51. Name 2 characteristics of encephalitis. 1. Headache 2. Fever 3. Confusion 4. Drowsiness 5. Fatigue 6. Hallucinations Round 2

52. Many of the disorders we learned about involve photophobia. What is the definition of this word? abnormal intolerance to light Round 2

53. What is Alzheimer’s disease? a mental deterioration, or dementia it is characterized by confusion, memory loss, and a variety of other symptoms Round 2

54. Name two symptoms or Parkinson’s disease 1. Difficulty initiating movements 2. Slowness of movement and rigidity 3. Masked facial expression 4. Muscle tremors 5. Poor balance 6. Flexed posture 7. Shuffling gait Round 2

55. Out of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, which one has a higher incidence people over the age of 85? Round 2 Alzheimer’s The incidence of Alzheimer’s in people over the age of 85 is 35% and Parkinson’s is 5%

56. What are the four main functions of the nervous system?  1. Receive sensory information  2. Transmit sensory information  3. Integrate and process sensory information  4. Respond to sensory information Round 2

57. What is a stimulus? the cause of a physical response Round 2

58. What is an effector? a body part (muscle or organ) that is activated by a stimulus (nerve impulse) Round 2

59. What does a myelin sheath do? it insulates the nerve it acts much similarly to the insulation on a wire Round 2

60. What are the two locations of reflex response/interpretation? Spine and the Brain Stem Round 2

61. What common ions are found in both the cytoplasm and outside the cell in interstitial fluid? Na+ and K+ Round 2

62. What is a synapse? a junction between two nerve cells, where the tip of a nerve fiber almost touches another cell in order to transmit signals Round 2

63. What part of the body has the most sensory receptors? The skin Round 2

64. What is acetylcholine, and when is it used? an neurotransmitter used in muscle contractions Round 2

65. What two receptors are involved in touch? thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors Round 2

66. Final Jeopardy Answer Round 2 Interneurons

67. Final Jeopardy Round 2 What do we call the small, localized, neurons which connect other neurons in a pathway? More Review

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