1. Concentrated Solar Power
Optimizing operation cost, through Integrating Energy Systems
ARENA Perti, Australia Feb. 2016
Peter Badstue Jensen, VP - Partner, Aalborg CSP

2. From traditional boilers to the Renewable Energy industry
Nearly 30 years of experience
From traditional boilers to the Renewable Energy industry
1988-
2007-
2011-
2015
Company establishment
Entry to the CSP market
Aalborg CSP and diversification
Today
BK Engineering A/S and later BK Aalborg A/S are established in Aalborg, a town well-known for its long traditions of steam boiler development.
Boiler technologies are innovatively adapted to the CSP industry for tower receivers and solar steam generators for leading CSP power plants.
Merge of BK Engineering A/S and BK Aalborg A/S – and diversification of portfolio for Power Plants, Molten Salt technology and Solar Thermal Industrial solutions.
Leadership in innovative renewable energy systems and technologies and world leader is concentrated solar power (CSP).

3. AALBORG CSP BUSINESS AREAS
GENERAL BOILERS
STEAM SYSTEMS FOR CSP POWER PLANTS
INDUSTRIAL CSP SOLUTIONS – SOLAR BOILER
CSP INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEMS
VALUE ENGINEERING
OIL-& GAS FIRED STANDARD BOILERS
CUSTOMIZED BOILERS
SOLAR TOWER RECEIVER (direct steam)
SOLAR TOWER RECEIVER (molten salt)
STEAM GENERATOR SYSTEM (thermal oil)
STEAM GENERATOR SYSTEM (molten salt)
SOLAR POWERED STEAM PRODUCTION
SOLAR POWER HOT WATER PRODUCTION
SOLAR POWERED DESALINATION
SOLAR POWERED COOLING
NOVEL CONFIGURATION OF CSP TECHNOLOGIES THAT PRODUCES
ELECTRICITY
PROCESS STEAM
HOT WATER
COOLING
MECHANICAL
FRESH WATER
REASEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
PRE-ENGINEERING
PROJECT FINANCING
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
OPERATION & MANAGEMENT

4. Steam Concrete Storage
SOLAR FIELD
OTHER RE SOURCE
THERMAL STEAM
ELECTRICITY/CONVERSION
THERMAL USAGE / COGEN
Tower DST/MS
Wind Turbine
Steam turbine
Generator
Thermal Desalination
TES Concrete
Steam Concrete Storage
Steam turbine
Mech. drive
Reverse Osmoses PV
Parabolic Trough HTF/DST/MS
Steam drum
Absorption Chiller
Steam condenser
Fresnel or Parabolic Fixed receiver
HTF/DST/MS
Steam drum with
Steam/water heater
Steam condenser
& Cooling tower
Flat panel collector
Process heat

5. Exampel of fuel saving using solar thermal for process steam
Direct steam
Saturated and Superheated
10 – 150 barg up to 550ºC
In combi with TES 24/7 .

6. Dairy using Gas or Oil fired steam boiler
Steam from
Fired boiler 15 t/h in 24 h per day
= 131,400 ton steam/year
Steam for process
15 t/h, 24 h/day
= 131,400 tons/year
Fuel required is 63.3 ltr Oil/ ton of steam
Total 131,400 x 63,3 = 8,318,000 liter /year
Dairy using Gas or Oil fired steam boiler
Solar energy
1.000 w/m2 .

7. EXAMPLE
THE FOLLOWING FACTS ARE IDENTIFIED AS THE BASE OF A FEASIBILITY STUDY
THE PROCESSING PLANT REQUIRES ANNUALLY TONS OF STEAM
THE PROCESS REQUIRES SATURATED STEAM AT 10 BAR
THE PLANT OPERATES WITH AN OLD DIESEL BOILER
THE BOILER CONSUMES 63,3 LITER DIESEL WHEN PRODUCING 1 TON OF STEAM = ANNUALLY LITER OF OIL
THE PRICE PER LITER DIESEL IS 0,94 AUD
THE PLANT PRODUCES 1 TON OF STEAM AT A COST OF 59,50 AUD = ANNUALLY AUD
THE FOLLOWING FACTS ARE DETERMINED
THE EMISSION FROM BURNING 1 LITER OF DIESEL AMOUNTS TO 2.5 KG OF CO2
BASED ON THE HISTORIC TENDENCY OF DIESEL PRICES, THE MANAGEMENT EXPECTS DIESEL COST TO INCREASE AND WANTS TO HAVE A STABLE FUEL COST.
LAND AVAILABLE M2 .

8. A PROPOSAL OF A PLANT BASED ON LAND AVAILABILITY
SOLAR PLANT TOWER OR PARABOLIC TROUGH – PROJECT SIZING
SOLAR PLANT CAPACITY IS 10,5 T/h peak (AT W/M2)
THE STEAM IS SET TO BE SATURATED STEAM AT 10 BARA
THE SOLAR PLANT REQUIRES M2 OF LAND
THE PLANT PRODUCES AN AVRG OF TONS OF STEAM PER YEAR BASED ON NASA WEATHER DATA
THE SOLAR SYSTEM WORKS IN CO-GENERATION WITH THE DIESEL BOILER
NB!
DATA APPLIED FOR COMPUTING THE ANNUAL PERFORMANCE IS DEDUCTED FROM THE NASA SATELLITE DATA BANK. THE NASA DATA BANK HOLDS SATELLITE RECORED WEATHER DATA FOR A PERIOD OF 23 YEARS. THE ANNUAL PERFORMANCE ILLUSTRATED IN THE GRAPH IS BASED ON THE AVERAGE SOLAR RADIATION OVER THE 23 YEAR PERIOD .
Port Augusta, Australia

9. .

10. CSP tower – module system
Top view of heliostat field
Space required m2 OF LAND
CSP tower – module system .

11. Solar tower CSP add-on DIRECT STEAM system Steam from Solar energy
ton/year
Oil fired boiler
= ton/year
Oil requires 63,3 ltr oil/ ton of steam
Total x 63,3 = 6,260,00 liter/year
CSP add-on DIRECT STEAM system
Factory using oil fired steam boiler Combined with solar tower with nom. capacity 12 tons of steam per hour (considering 20% clouds)
Oil saving from solar energy:
= x 63,3 = liter/year
Steam for process
15 t/h, 24 h/day
= 131,400 ton/year
If oilprice is 1 USD/ltr an annual saving of 1, USD
Solar tower .

12. Case study off oil saving using solar tower for process steam production
Basis
Factory using 15 t/h 10 bar process steam 24 h/day 365 days per year
Land available for Solar tower M2
Solar plant produces Ton of 10 bar steam per year
Conclusion
If oilprice is 0,94 AUD/ltr an annual saving of AUD
Plant investment AUD
A REASONABLE GOOD BUSINESS CASE .

13. CSP add-on DIRECT STEAM system with integrated steam storage for 24 hour operation by RE
Steam for powder
Up to 525 C.
Co generation
Electricity as
co product
Steam for Cooling
Absorption Chiller .
Steam for process
15 t/h, 24 h/day
= 131,400 ton/year
Oil fired boiler requires 60 ltr oil/ ton of steam
Solar energy requires 0 fuel/ ton of steam

14. Solar CSP .

15. SUNDROP FARMS
Tomatoes from
Sun and Sea water

16. Sundrop Farms – the history
Timeline
2010: R&D facility – proof of concept
2013’apr: RFP tender
2013’may: Award Abengoa
2013’jul: Feasibilty/ PRE-FEED study agreed with Aalborg + Tier 1 (John Holland)
2013’dec: Conclusion on optimal concept
2014’mar: Bank and Equity final engagement
2014’jun: pre-financial closure (termsheet KKR)
2014’aug: ECI phase
2014’sep: Debt pre-closure, CBA
2014’nov: Contract signing
2014’dec: Full NTP
2015’spring: groundbreaking site
2015’sep: Solar field construction start
2015’dec: Tower erected, point tests
2016’feb-mar: First flux
2016’oct: Official innaguration

17. AALBORG CSP - Changing Energy
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS BASED ON CSP - FOR SUNDROP FARMS
Integrated Energy System - New way for CSP
Multiple revenue streams from one CSP system
Up to 80% powered by a novel configuration of CSP technologies lowering energy costs
AALBORG CSP - Changing Energy

18. Sundrop Farms Port Augusta South Australia

19. Integrated energy system based on CSP Multiple energy outputs
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS BASED ON CSP - FOR SUNDROP FARMS
Integrated energy system based on CSP
for Sundrop Farms
Multiple energy outputs +
200,000 m2
51,500 m2
20,000
MWh / year
250,000
m3 / year
1,700
MWh / year
15,000
tons / year
14,680 tons
saving / year

20. 3 different ways to use CSP
1-Use of Steam for Electricity production
Power plant – Primary El - save Coal and Gas
Efficiency: Steam – Electricity 25-35% rest is loss in cooling
2-Use of Steam/Hot Water directly to Process
Industry – Primary Heat – save Oil/Gas
Efficiency: Steam – Heat 100%
3-Integrated systems Co-gen for Heat & Power
Industry – Primary Heat – save El - Oil/Gas
Efficiency: Steam – Electricity 8-15% rest steam to heat 100% .

21. Use of steam for Electricity production
~ % Electricity MWe
Steam 100% MWt
~ % Loss in condenser .

22. ~ 25 - 35% Electricity MWe ~ 65 - 75% Loss in condenser
FOSSIL FUEL POWER GENERATION
Simple Rankine Cycle
~ % Electricity MWe .
~ % Loss in condenser

23. .

24. 10 and 20 MWe Tower CSP power plants in Sanlucar la Major, Spain.

25. Parabolic trough CSP power plants, typical in Spain 50 MWe by use of Thermal oil

26. 3 different ways to use CSP
1-Use of Steam for Electricity production
Power plant – Primary El - save Coal and Gas
Efficiency: Steam – Electricity 25-35% rest is loss in cooling
2-Use of Steam/Hot Water directly to Process
Industry – Primary Heat – save Oil/Gas
Efficiency: Steam – Heat 100%
3-Integrated systems Co-gen for Heat & Power
Industry – Primary Heat – save El - Oil/Gas
Efficiency: Steam – Electricity 8-15% rest steam to heat 100% .

27. Use of steam directly in a process
Thermal Energy 100 % Steam (MWth)
Steam or Hot Water to Industry
Desalination
Absorption process cooling
Process steam/hot water
District heating/cooling
Mining
Dairies
Textile
Paper
Beverages
Refineries
Etc.
Steam 100% MWt .

28. THERMAL STEAM - DAY
Tower OR .

29. 3 different ways to use CSP
1-Use of Steam for Electricity production
Power plant – Primary El - save Coal and Gas
Efficiency: Steam – Electricity 25-35% rest is loss in cooling
2-Use of Steam/Hot Water directly to Process
Industry – Primary Heat – save Oil/Gas
Efficiency: Steam – Heat 100%
3-Integrated systems Co-gen for Heat & Power
Industry – Primary Heat – save El - Oil/Gas
Efficiency: Steam – Electricity 8-15% rest steam to heat 100% .

30. Integrated Systems - Co-generation Heat & Power
~ % Electricity MWe
~ 80 – 90 % Thermal energy MWt
Fresh water production
Absorption cooling
District heating
Process steam
Textile industry
Paper
Beverages
Food
Refineries
Aluminium
Steam 100% MWt .

31. Heat & Power - Daily mode
Tower
Power
HEAT .

32. .

33. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE TES
Water tanks – Thermocline – District Heating - Industrial
Concrete Heat Storage - Thermal oil – CSP Power Plant
Concrete Heat Storage - Steam – CSP Industrial H&P
Molten Salt Storage – MS/Steam – CSP Power Plant
Other Heat storage systems – Aluminium – Sulphur - Sodium etc.

34. TES Hot water CSP for desalination 24/7.

35. ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM WIND
CONCRETE STORAGE TES AND eTES - Direct Steam or Power charge
CHARGING STORAGE BY
MAX 150 BAR SATURATED
OR SUPERHEATED STEAM
ALTERNATIVELY
ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM WIND
OR PV
OR COMBINATION
Windmills
CSP Steam Solar Tower
Steam pressure
reduction valve
Steam turbine generator
Steam Concrete Storage
Process steam
Hot water
Desalination
District heating
Cooling .
Deaerator

36. eTES - Charging and Discharging

37. MS Steam generation system
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE BY MOLTEN SALT
Tower
MS storage tanks
MS OUT PT TT FT
RE HEAT
ECO
MP Steam FW
MS IN SH
EVA
HP Steam
AIR INLET
MS Steam generation system LT LI PI
PSHH
PSH
ST DRUM

38. QUESTIONS ?

39. EXTRA MATERIAL

40. SOLAR PLANT – INVESTMENT & FINANCING
INVESTMENT OF AUD
PROJECT IS 100% DEBT FINANCED
12 YEAR TENOR
8% ANNUAL INTEREST RATE
SERIAL LOAN
ANNUAL INSTALLMENT OF AUD
ANNUAL OPERATING COST OF AUD
SOLAR PLANT – RETURN ON INVESTMENT
ANNUAL DIESEL SAVING AMOUNTS TO AUD
SAVINGS WILL HAVE PAID FOR THE SOLAR PLANT IN 4,9 YEARS
ANNUAL EARNINGS BEFORE TAX IS AUD
THE ANNUAL SAVING IS EQUAL TO A 32% REDUCTION IN DIESEL COST FOR THE TONS OF STEAM

41. SOLAR LEASING
THE PROJECT IS 100% FINANCED BY 3RD PARTY INVESTORS AND A BANK
THE DAIRY PLANT HAS 0% CAPITAL INVESTMENT
DAIRY PLANT SIGNS A 12 YEAR LEASING CONTRACT WITH A STATIC MONTHLY PAYMENT OF AUD
FIRST PAYMENT IS DUE 1ST MONTH AFTER COMMISSIONING
THE LEASING PAYMENT GRANTS THE DAIRY A 20% MONTHLY DIESEL SAVING
THE SOLAR PLANT IS PROVIDED WITH AN OPERATIONAL GUARANTEE DURING THE LEASING PERIOD.
THE SOLAR PLANT IS TRANSFERRED TO THE DAIRY PLANT IN YEAR 13 AT A TOKEN FEE

43. Solar CSP Power plant .

44. Direct steam or Molten salt TES Storage (Molten salt)
Tower Power plant
Direct steam or Molten salt
TES Storage (Molten salt)
225 barg up to 565ºC .
Rights from Abengoa Solar

45. Aalborg CSP references CSP Utility Tower Receivers and steam generation
Design and supply tower receievers:
Receiver panels and steam drum (nat. circ.)
Saturated and superheated steam
Molten Salt reciever (MSR) / Molten Salt Steam Generation (MSSG)
Cavity and central receivers
Design ranges from 2 MWe up to >100 MWe
Customized engineering and solutions for each project
Aalborg scope can range from eng/supply to turnkey installation
Commercial plants in operation
1 x 20 MWe direct steam
1 x 10 MWe direct steam
1 x 5 MWt direct steam
1 x Superheater
1 x 4,2 MWth MSSG

46. Parabolic trough Aalborg CSP Steam generator – power plant 50 MWe

47. Aalborg CSP reference - CSP Utility Steam Generator System
Design and supply of complete Steam Generation Systems
For Parabolic Trough Plant (SGS)
Design ranges normally from 50 MWe system and higher
Customized engineering and solutions for each project
Aalborg scope can range from eng/supply to turnkey installation
Commercial operation
5 x 50 MWe
1 x 60 MWe
1 x 4 MWt MS
Under construction
1 x 20 Ha Greenhouse
1 x 25 MWe