1. Lesson XIII (13) Vocative Case Ablative of Place From Which

2. Today’s Schedule Review Perfect Tense Learn Vocatives and Ablatives of Place From Which Perfect Tense review worksheet, check flashcards, recite numbers

3. Let’s Review! PERFECT TENSE: past action completed Drop the –i from the 3 rd principal part to find the verb stem Add the perfect endings!

4. Finding the Perfect Stem doceredocuidoctusdoceo The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. docui- i=docu- Find the third principal part of the verb.

5. First Person Second Person Third Person docui isti docuit docu imus istis erunt I taught I have taught I did teach You taught You have taught You did teach He taught He has taught He did teach We taught We have taught We did teach You taught You have taught You did teach They taught They have taught They did teach Perfect Tense

6. First Person Second Person Third Person terrui isti terruit terru imus istis erunt I scared I have scared I did scare You scared You have scared You did scare He scared He has scared He did scare We scared We have scared We did scare You scared You have scared You did scare They scared They have scared They did scare Perfect Tense terreo, terrere, terrui, territus

7. Vocative Case (Lesson 13) In Latin, the vocative case is used to address people directly or to get their attention. Charles, come here! Emily, you’re the best sister anyone could have! Leave me alone, creep!

8. Vocative Case The name “vocative” case comes from the Latin word “voco”: “to call.” The vocative is set apart by commas in English. It’s often used with the imperative (command) verbs.

9. How To Make a Vocative Most Latin words use the nominative ending for their vocative form, too. Yay! No new endings! Porta aquam, mea filia. Carry the water, my daughter. But… there are exceptions!

10. How To Make a Vocative Words that end in –us make their singular vocative by changing the –us to –e. Carry the water, Marcus! Porta aquam, Marce! Hurry, friend! Festina, amice!

11. How To Make a Vocative Words that end in –ius make their singular vocative by changing the –ius to –i. Free the captives, Lucius! Libera captivos, Luci! Hurry, son! (filius) Festina, fili!

12. What To Take Away From the Lesson! Vocatives are used to address someone directly. The only words that use special endings are –us and –ius singular words. -us = -e -ius = -i All other words just use their nominative endings.

13. Making Vocatives! Quintus agricolae Cornelia Tullius Anna Marcus amicus servus Quinte agricolae Cornelia Tulli Anna Marce amice serve

14. Ablative of Place From Which You have 3 prepositions in your vocabulary list this week that all mean “from.” – a, ab: away from (the outside) – de: down from, from, about, concerning – ē, ex: out from (the inside), from, out of

15. Ablative of Place From Which All 3 prepositions are followed by a noun in the ablative case. Remember that ablative case endings are: – -ā, -o (singular) – -is (plural)

16. Translating Ablative Phrases ex aquā ā casā ā casis de Italiā de equo de equis de gloriā out of the water away from the house away from the houses from Italy down from the horse down from the horses about glory