1. Memory Claudia Stanny PSY 2012

2. Capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information What is Memory?

3. Types of Memory Declarative Memory  Facts & Events  Memories can be talked about  Demonstrated by recall or recognition Procedural Memory  Skilled behavior  Memories can not be talked about  Demonstrated by action

4. Types of Declarative Memory Episodic Memory  Memory for events  Events that occur at a specific time and place  Autobiographical memories Semantic Memory  Knowledge  Meanings of words, math facts, geography facts  Abstract – not tied to personal experiences

5. Memory Processes Sensory Memory Working Memory (includes short-term memory) Long-Term Memory

6. Sensory Memory Iconic Memory  Memory for visual information Echoic Memory  Memory for auditory information

8. Report What You Saw

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12. Recall

13. Performance on Whole and Partial Report Tasks

14. Study the following letter pairs. Try to remember as many pairs as you can.

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17. Study the following letter triads. Try to remember as many triads as you can.

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20. Chunking Combines information to create larger units Increases the capacity of immediate memory

21. Working Memory Central Executive  similar to Short-Term Memory Phonological Loop  acoustic, speech-based information  disrupted by speaking  disrupted by listening to irrelevant speech Visuospatial Sketchpad  representation of images  disrupted by visual processing

22. Long Term Memory “Permanent” or very long duration memories Importance of encoding & retrieval processes for storage in LTM  levels of processing  encoding specificity  importance of distinctive retrieval cues

23. Application: Improving Study Skills Depth of processing  Process Deeply  Use elaborative rehearsal instead of rote rehearsal Organize the material  Form connections among to-be-remembered information  Organization can act as a retrieval cue  Form connections to existing knowledge Metamemory  Evaluate your knowledge with self-tests  Give additional study to items you have trouble recalling

24. Application: Eyewitness Memory Memory as a reconstruction  Memory is not like a video or photograph Influence of prior knowledge  Role of schemas and scripts in eyewitness recall Influence of postevent information  Distortions introduced by biased wording of questions  Distortion introduced by exposure to new information Influence of inferences  Distortions introduced by leading questions