2. Confederation and the Era of Sir John A Macdonald By: Dylan and Tom

3. Purchasing of Rupert's Land ● In 1870, the dominion of Canada purchased the 3.9 million kilometre squared area called Rupert's land from the Hudson's Bay Company for £300,000

4. Provinces To Join Confederation 1870 -1905 Manitoba(1870) After Rupert's land was purchased Louis Reil (the leader of the area known as Manitoba) Established a provincial government as part of the Red River Rebellion, after negotiations they joined Canada. British Columbia(1871) The gold rushes sent these colonies into major debt and they needed supplies from a government funded operation, so they decided to join Canada. Prince Edward Island(1873) Debt within the colony and the pressures of American expansion forced Sir John A to negotiate with PEI, which led to their joining confederation. Alberta(1905) It was already a part of the NWT, so when they were divided; the province of Alberta was created. Saskatchewan(1905) Having this area in between the other provinces, Sir John A Macdonald thought it would be a good idea to negotiate with this colony which led to them accepting to join confederation.

5. Canada's New Motto(1871) ● A Marie Usque Ad Mare: which means from sea to sea ● This Motto was chosen after British Columbia joined confederation, the reason Canada chose this motto is because they now had provinces that stretched to each oceanic border.

6. British Columbia (1871) After joining the dominion of Canada this province asked for a cart track through the mountains, because they were so far from the central commerce area of Canada. They wanted the cart track so that supplies could be imported and exported. When they joined, Sir John A. Macdonald decided to give them a railroad link.

7. The Pacific Scandal of 1873 This was the a major event having to due with the 1872 general election of the dominion of Canada and Sir John A. Macdonald’s resignation in 1873. Sir John A. Macdonald had allegedly sold the contract for the Canadian Pacific Railway to Hugh Allan which would in return involve Hugh Allan donating a large sum of money to Sir John A. Macdonald’s campaign budget.

8. Alexander Mackenzie – Liberal Government Alexander Mackenzie took power in 1873 to 1878 after being elected due to Sir John A. Macdonald losing the election due to the Pacific Scandal. Alexander Mackenzie was unlucky though due to the fact that he came to power during an economic depression due to Canada’s weak economic conditions and the collapse of banks in the United States. Because Alexander Mackenzie didn’t fix the depression people weren’t very impressed with him.

9. Sir John A. Macdonald’s Re-election Sir John A. MacDonald had 3 major points when he took power in 1878. Sir John A. MacDonald surnamed this “The National Policy” these points Included: 1. High taxes on imported goods to keep the Canadian economy strong and try to keep Canadian money staying within Canada. 2. Complete the Canadian Pacific Railway (from sea to sea) 3. Encourage Immigration to Canada

10. 1891 General Election: Main Issue: Free Trade with the United States (Trading goods without having to pay each other’s charges) Sir John A MacDonald (Conservatives): Opposed to Free trade, bases his platform on running the country like it used to be. Sir Wilfrid Laurier (Liberals): In favour of free trade, wants to run the country the same basic way with some reforms. Who Won?

11. Sir John A. Macdonald!! Who then died a few months later…

12. Thanks for Watching !