1. WHO WERE THE FEDERALISTS AND THE ANTI-FEDERALISTS? I: FEDERALISTS : chose this name to emphasize that the Constitution would create a system of federalism ( a form of government in which power is divided between the federal or national government and the states

2. THE FEDERALISTS PAPERS Writers of the Federalists essays were James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. They wrote the papers under the name Publius John Jay Alexander Hamilton James Madison

3. What did the Federalists argue for? They argued for a Constitution that would  Provide for the common defense  Regulate commerce and taxes  Have the authority to make treaties with foreign nations  The government would have a separate executive, legislative and judicial branch.

4. THE ANTI-FEDERALISTS The Anti-Federalists were written by several persons who wrote anonymously under the names of Centinel, A Federal Republican, A Farmer, Cato, Alfred, Brutus, John Humble, A Democratic Federalist, A Countryman, Philadelphiensis et al, Sydney, Amicus Plebian, A Federalist, etc.. Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee authored many of the anonymous letters

5. They argued… A strong central government would lead to corruption. A consolidated government would erode state’s rights. A strong central government would dismantle rights and liberties of individual citizens.

6. What did the Anti-Federalists want in order to ratify the Constitution? Anti-Federalists wanted a Bill of Rights to protect citizens from an all to powerful federal government. Although Federalists won the argument and ratification of the Constitution, the ideas of the Anti- Federalists remained viable and important. Anti-Federalists believed in a strong state and local governing authority, strict adherence to the powers expressed in the Constitution, and open platform of the public sphere to bring the people’s will upon the government.

7. Review Questions Which idea is NOT included in the Declaration of Independence?  People have certain natural rights.  God gives certain people the right to govern.  Government can exist only with the people’s permission.  The people may change or abolish the government.

8. Which was an achievement of the Second Continental Congress?  Preparing a Declaration of Rights.  Raising an American army.  Establishing a strong central government.  Passing the Intolerable Acts.

9. What treaty signified the conclusion of the American Revolution?  Treaty of Paris of 1783  Proclamation of 1763  Treaty of Paris 1763  Treaty of Versailles

10. The 18 th century Enlightenment idea which stood for the proposition that government existed only to serve the will of the people was  The Mayflower Compact  The evolutionary theory  The Preamble of the Constitution  The social contract theory

11. Which of the following was a characteristic of the government created by the Articles of Confederation?  There was no central court system to resolve conflicts between the states.  Power was separated between three branches of government.  It took 9 of the 13 states to agree in order to amend the Articles.  A president carried out the nation’s laws.

12. What is a confederate form of government ? A. A government with power shared between state and national governments B. A government formed by sovereign states for a limited united purpose. C. A government with all power held by the federal government D. A government in which decisions are decided by popular vote.