1. DIVISION IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH THE REFORMATION

2. HERESY IN THE RENAISSANCE John Wyclif: English Believed that papal authority was corrupt Claimed Bible as sole authority Translated the Bible into the vernacular Creation of the Lollards John Hus: Czech Attacked worldliness of the papacy Council of Constance in 1415 burned at the stake even though he promised safety

3. CATHOLICISM IN THE RENAISSANCE Sacrosancta: a general council of the church had authority Frequens: The general council would meet regularly Popes ignored council and claimed sole leadership Julius II :Warrior Pope Nepotism: Calling family lines into the papacy “worldly” helped fuel the renaissance movement Led to distrust of the church along with Great Schism

4. MARTIN LUTHER HISTORY Lightning storm converts Luther Practice of Indulgences leads to 95 Theses Johann Tetzel “as soon as the coin in the coffer rings the soul from purgatory springs” Diet of Worms called by Charles V Quote 379

5. MARTIN LUTHER HISTORY CONT. Luther goes into hiding with the help of some nobles Translates the Bible into the vernacular which spreads thanks to Guttenberg Press Peasants war: Peasants revolt during the confusion of the Reformation but Luther says “smite, slay and stab” the peasants Needed support of the nobles

6. MARTIN LUTHER DOCTRINE Justification of Faith De-emphasis on works (sacraments/ordinances) Baptism kept Lords Supper altered Authority of the Church found through the Bible Denounces clerical celibacy Priesthood of all believers Mass with song (any preach)

7. ZWINGLIAN REFORM Swiss: Ulrich Zwingli cut up, burned, spread around State supervises the church Whitewashed the churches and made plain No images (veneration of saints) Mass replaced with scripture reading and prayer No music Lords supper simply symbolic of sacrifice

8. ANABAPTISTS DOCTRINE Adult baptism so that individuals can choose Strict democracy of leadership (voted on a minister) Resort to simple Christian life Separation of church and state Lords Supper in remembrance Did not participate in politics/army Different groups In northern Germany John Leiden makes militant millenarians Mennonites after Menno more traditional like Amish

9. KING HENRY VIII HISTORY King married to Catherine of Aragon Needs a male heir Girlfriend Ann Boleyn Sends Cardinal Wolsey to Pope Clement VII but denied annulment Charles V (nephew of Catherine) controlled the papacy as king of Spain and Holy Roman empire Solution make a church

10. ANGLICAN DOCTRINE King declares himself “defender of the faith” (Act of Supremacy) Boleyn has a baby girl (Elizabeth) Treason Act: Have to be Anglican Book of common prayer Similar to Catholicism for most part

11. CALVINISM DOCTRINE Intellectual reformer Salvation through Grace Predestination Elects Last Supper like Luther Baptism as a symbol Created Geneva The Consistory kept people in check Inspired John Knox in Scotland (Presbyterian)