1. The President and Foreign Policy p.175-176

2. Goals of Foreign Policy A nation’s overall plan for dealing with other nations is called its foreign policy ▫The basic goal of American foreign policy is national security, or the ability to keep the country safe from attack or harm ▫Another key goal is international trade  Trade can create markets for American products and jobs for American workers ▫A third goal is promoting world peace  War between other nations can disrupt trade and endanger US security by the US being drawn into foreign war ▫A fourth goal is to promote democracy around the world  Promoting democracy and basic human rights encourages peace

3. The Foreign-Policy Team The president and various White House assistants work with a large foreign-policy bureaucracy ▫This bureaucracy includes: the State Department, the Defense Department, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the National Security Council  These agencies give the president valuable information and carry out presidential decisions around the world but can often conflict with each other The Constitution divides the power to conduct foreign and military affairs between the president and Congress but does not clearly state how each can use their powers, therefore there has always been competition over foreign policy

4. Foreign Policy

5. D.O.L. Given the information on foreign policy students will participate in a whip-around in which they state the goals of foreign policy

6. Tools of Foreign Policy p.177-178

7. Creating Treaties Treaty: Formal agreement between the governments of two or more countries ▫Some treaties are based on defense: nations become allies and agree to support each other if attacked  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): mutual defense treaty between the US, Canada, and the nations of Europe ▫Senate must approve treaties by a two-thirds vote  President can bypass the Senate by making an executive agreement, agreement between the president and the leader of another country

8. Appointing Ambassadors An official representative of a country’s government is an ambassador ▫The president appoints about 150 ambassadors who must be approved by the Senate ▫Ambassadors are sent to only countries the US recognizes the legal existence of the government Ambassadors protect citizens, support trade, work for peace, and advance U.S. interests

9. Foreign Aid Money, food, military assistance, or other supplies given to help other countries. ▫Example: Marshall Plan after WWII

10. Marshall Plan

11. International Trade The president can make agreements with other nations about what products may be traded and the rules for trading. ▫Trade Sanctions: efforts to punish another nation by imposing trade barriers. ▫Embargo: agreement between a group of nations that prohibits them all from trading with another nations Congress takes the lead in other areas ▫Tariffs: tax on imported goods ▫Membership in international trade groups  North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

12. Military Force The president may use the military to carry out foreign policy decisions ▫1998: Clinton ordered cruise missiles to be launched at terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan ▫2003: Bush ordered armed forces to invade Iraq and remove Saddam Hussein ▫2011: Obama order Seal Team 6 raid on bin Laden

13. D.O.L. Given examples of foreign policy decisions students will identify which foreign policy tool was used in a quick response activity