1. The American Revolution The Birth of a Republic

2. Britain and Its American Colonies New sense of identity growing among the colonies Britain’s mercantilist policies made colonial trade profitable. Strict laws angered the colonists

3. Americans Win Independence Growing hostility leads to war Series of laws passed – Navigation Acts – Stamp Act – Colonists were forced to pay taxes directly to the British government (why would this make them angry??? THINK!) Some colonists began encouraging rebellion and even a revolution!

4. Enlightenment Ideas Influence American Colonists Colonial leaders such as Patrick Henry, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin used Enlightenment ideas to justify independence. Colonists asked for political rights  king refused  colonists rebelled to oust king – Justified because King George had broken the social contract

5. Patrick Henry Benjamin Franklin John Adams Thomas Jefferson

6. Declaration of Independence Document written by Thomas Jefferson Firmly based on the ideas of John Locke Reflected Enlightenment ideas by arguing for natural rights as Locke had The end of the documents asserts that the colonists had broken all ties with Britain – “…are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown.”

7. We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness; that to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed Declaration of Independence

8. Americans Create a Republic Recognizing the need for a national government the colonists ratified the Articles of Confederation – government where citizens rule through elected representatives This will turn out to be a weak government as the states hold more power and would be later overturned

9. The Constitution Written by James Madison Drew on Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers – Established three separate branches each with the power to check and balance the other Influenced by Locke and Rousseau who agreed that governments draw their authority from the consent of the governed

10. We the People of the united States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America Constitution of the United States of America

11. The Bill of Rights Fight between the Federalists and Antifederalists to ratify the new Constitution Problem?? – Antifederalists demanded a bill of rights to protect the rights of individual citizens Bill of Rights adopted and included basic rights such as freedom of speech, press, assembly, and religion. – Such rights advocated by none other than Voltaire, Rousseau and Locke!

12. In Conclusion… Enlightenment ideas influence colonists As a result, colonists eventually rebel against tyrant King George based on Enlightenment reasoning Colonists declare independence, defeat Britain, and establish a republic Both the Constitution and the Bill of Rights are documents that put Enlightenment ideas into practice