1.  Scientific revolution  Interest in Greek and Roman geography and mathematics  Development of new technologies These characteristics marked the period known as… A.the Reformation. B.the Crusades. C.the Renaissance. D.feudalism.

2. ANSWER… C. the Renaissance.

3. The MAIN reason that European nations began their voyages of exploration was to… A.find a Northwest Passage to Asia to bypass Arab kingdoms. B.find an all-water route to Asia to bypass Arab kingdoms. C.establish colonies in Asia and Africa. D.find gold.

4. ANSWER… B. find an all-water route to Asia to bypass Arab kingdoms.

5. Which statement describes the Columbian Exchange? A.The introduction of silver as a method of payment after its discovery in Mexico. B.Another name for the Northwest Passage. C.The triangular trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. D.Interactions between Europe and the Americas that began with Columbia’s first voyage.

6. ANSWER… D. Interactions between Europe and the Americas that began with Columbia’s first voyage.

7. What was the Spanish approach to colonization? A.They usually immersed themselves into the cultures of the Native Americans with whom they interacted. B.They were only interested in land, which they worked and mined by themselves. C.They created a highly structured society based on class. D.They worked closely with Native Americans, learning from them how to grow plants native to their colonies.

8. ANSWER… C. They created a highly structured society based on class.

9. France became interested in colonizing North America because of… A.the riches to be made in the fur trade. B.the discovery of gold along the St. Lawrence River. C.Spain’s colonizing efforts in Florida. D.England’s establishment of colonies along the Atlantic coast.

10. ANSWER… A. the riches to be made in the fur trade.

11. The House of Burgesses was… A.the building in which the Virginia government met. B.the governor’s building in Jamestown. C.the general assembly of the representatives in the Virginia colony. D.another name for the Virginia Company.

12. ANSWER… C. the general assembly of the representatives in the Virginia colony.

13. Roger Williams and the leaders of the Massachusetts Bay colony disagreed about… A.the role of women in Puritanism. B.who could become a minister. C.who could be elected to the General Court. D.the king’s authority over Native American lands.

14. ANSWER… D. the king’s authority over Native American lands.

15. Which colony was founded as a “holy experiment” where complete political and religious freedom would be allowed? A.Pennsylvania B.Maryland C.Georgia D.New York

16. ANSWER… A. Pennsylvania

17. The economy of the Middle Colonies was based on… A.lumbering and shipbuilding. B.wheat farming and fishing. C.tobacco and indigo cultivation. D.wheat farming and trade.

18. ANSWER… D. wheat farming and trade.

19. YEARACT Colonial trade was to be carried in English ships Tightened earlier restrictions; certain items, including tobacco, to be sold only to England or its colonies Colonial goods sold to Europe had to pass through English ports first to be taxed Gave customs officials the power to use general search warrants; Board of Trade created to oversee colonial economic activity 1651 1660 1663 1696 The purpose of these acts was to… A.Standardize colonial trade duties. B.Ensure that colonial trade benefited England. C.Help the depressed English shipping industry. D.Provide work for English officials in the colonies.

20. ANSWER… B. Ensure that colonial trade benefited England.

21. According to John Locke’s social contract theory, the right of a monarch to rule comes… A.from Parliament. B.through heredity. C.from the people. D.from God as a divine right.

22. ANSWER… C. from the people.

23. The Proclamation of 1763 created tension between the colonies and Great Britain because Great Britain… A.Allowed France to keep New Orleans and the land west of the Mississippi River. B.Created a reservation for Native Americans in the Ohio Valley. C.Allowed the French in Quebec to keep their system of laws. D.Prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

24. ANSWER… D. Prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

25.  Individual piety  Emotional union with God  Questioning of religious authority  New religious denominations These are characteristics of a movement in the colonies known as… A.The Enlightenment. B.The Great Awakening. C.Separatism. D.Fundamentalism.

26. ANSWER… B. The Great Awakening.

27. Congress argued that the Stamp Act of 1765… A.was an unnecessary measure to regulate trade. B.violated the rights of British citizens and colonists alike. C.was taxation without representation. D.would hurt colonial trade with Great Britain.

28. ANSWER… C. was taxation without representation.

29. What action by the colonists prompted the British to pass the Coercive Acts? A.The Boston Massacre B.The Boston Tea Party C.The meeting of the First Continental Congress D.The skirmishes at Lexington and Concord

30. ANSWER… B. The Boston Tea Party

31. The purpose of the Continental Congress was to… A.Provide a central government for the colonies during the Revolutionary War. B.Provide a central government for the new nation. C.Provide a way for the colonies to meet and discuss actions against British policies. D.Help the colonies to shape the public opinion and coordinate plans.

32. ANSWER… C. Provide a way for the colonies to meet and discuss actions against British policies.

33. By acting for the colonies that sent them to Philadelphia, the delegates of the Second Continental Congress applied the principle of… A.Limited government. B.Representative democracy. C.Federalism D.States’ rights.

34. ANSWER… B. Representative democracy.

35. We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. Thomas Jefferson based this section of the Declaration of Independence on… A.The writings of Baron Montesquieu. B.Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense. C.The writings of John Locke. D.The Magna Carta.

36. ANSWER… C. The writings of John Locke.

37. I was a Patriot in Boston. When the British decided to seize a military supply depot, I set out to warn the minutemen at Lexington and Concord that the British were coming. Who am I? A.Sam Adams B.Paul Revere C.Crispus Attucks D.John Adams

38. ANSWER… B. Paul Revere

39. The major turning point in the South during the Revolutionary War was… A.The Battle of Bunker Hill. B.Yorktown. C.General Burgoyne’s surrender at Saratoga. D.The Battle of Kings Mountain.

40. ANSWER… D. The Battle of Kings Mountain.

41. ? Weak central government Shortage of supplies Untrained soldiers Small army Which of the following is the BEST title for this diagram? A.Colonial Advantages B.Colonial Disadvantages C.British Advantages D.British Disadvantages

42. ANSWER… B. Colonial Disadvantages

43. As the new nation expanded, slavery was prohibited in the new western territories by… A.Each new state’s constitution. B.The Land Ordinance of 1785. C.The Northwest Ordinance. D.The Articles of Confederation.

44. ANSWER… B. The Land Ordinance of 1785.

45. Great Britain recognized the United States as a sovereign nation as a result of the… A.Treaty of Paris of 1783. B.Declaration of Independence. C.Articles of Confederation. D.Olive Branch Petition.

46. ANSWER… A. Treaty of Paris of 1783.

47. As a result of the American Revolution, enslaved African Americans… A.Could not be emancipated in the Northern states unless a court approved. B.Received emancipation in most of the Northern states. C.Could not be freed by the state legislatures. D.Could be returned to Africa.

48. ANSWER… C. Could not be freed by the state legislatures.

49. Which of the following BEST describes the role of the central government in regulating commerce under the Articles of Confederation? A.The central government completely directed all aspects of commerce. B.The central government directed the states in how to set import duties. C.The Articles of Confederation gave no power to the central government to regulate commerce. D.Each state set its own import duties, which were then approved by the central government.

50. ANSWER… C. The Articles of Confederation gave no power to the central government to regulate commerce.

51. The Virginia Plan would have established a legislative branch that favored… A.Large states. B.Small states. C.Neither large nor small states. D.Large states for purposed of taxation and smaller states for purposed of representation.

52. ANSWER… A. Large states.

53. Which idea reflected in Baron Montesquieu’s writings was incorporated into the Constitution? A.Limited government B.Popular sovereignty C.Federalism D.Separation of powers

54. ANSWER… D. Separation of powers

55. Which of the following is an example of a check on the power of the executive branch? A.Congress can impeach and remove judges. B.The president can veto legislation. C.Congress must ratify treaties negotiated by the president. D.The president makes appointments to federal offices, including judgeships.

56. ANSWER… C. Congress must ratify treaties negotiated by the president.

57. People who became concerned about the weaknesses of the Confederation Congress and supported a stronger central government became known as… A.Confederates. B.Antifederalists. C.Nationalists. D.Patriots.

58. ANSWER… C. Nationalists.

59. Which amendment prevents the federal government from claiming that the only rights that individuals have are those listed in the Bill of Rights? A.First Amendment. B.Second Amendment. C.Ninth Amendment. D.Tenth Amendment.

60. ANSWER… C. Ninth Amendment.

61. Prohibiting the search of a residence without a search warrant is the purpose of the… A.Third Amendment. B.Fourth Amendment. C.Sixth Amendment. D.Seventh Amendment.

62. ANSWER… B. Fourth Amendment.

63. The Three-Fifths Compromise related to arguments over… A.Representation of large states in Congress. B.How to count women for purposes of representation. C.How to count African Americans for purposes of representation. D.How to count population in determining when a territory could become a state.

64. ANSWER… C. How to count African Americans for purposes of representation.

65. Federalism is built on the principle of… A.Republicanism. B.Limited democracy. C.Reserved powers. D.Shared powers.

66. ANSWER… D. Shared powers.

67. The first political parties in the United States developed when members of Congress disagreed over… A.Alexander Hamilton’s financial program. B.The amendments to be included in the Bill of Rights. C.The president’s cabinet. D.Westward expansion.

68. ANSWER… A. Alexander Hamilton’s financial program.

69. The election of 1800 showed that… A.The nation was being torn apart just as George Washington had feared. B.Power could be transferred peacefully even if political parties disagreed. C.Only Federalists could win national elections. D.The Electoral College did not work and needed to be replaced.

70. ANSWER… B. Power could be transferred peacefully even if political parties disagreed.

71. Although the War of 1812 ended in a deadlock, as a result of the war the United States won… A.Territory in the southeast. B.Recognition as a sovereign nation from Britain. C.European nations’ respect for standing up to Great Britain. D.Large reparations for British impressment of U.S. sailors.

72. ANSWER… C. European nations’ respect for standing up to Great Britain.

73. I began my political career favoring policies that unified the nation, such as a national bank and a protective tariff. I ended my career as an ardent defender of states’ rights. Who am I? A.Henry Clay. B.James Monroe. C.John C. Calhoun. D.Daniel Webster.

74. ANSWER… C. John C. Calhoun.

75. The expansion of voting rights between 1824 and 1828 occurred as a result of the… A.Elimination of poll taxes. B.Elimination of property taxes. C.Lowering or elimination of property ownership as a voting requirement. D.Lowering of the voting age.

76. ANSWER… C. Lowering or elimination of property ownership as a voting requirement.

77. The issue in the Nullification Crisis was whether… A.The federal government could tax imports. B.The federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations. C.The president could order the military to enforce a law. D.A state could declare a federal law invalid.

78. ANSWER… D. A state could declare a federal law invalid.

79. The Trail of Tears was the name given to the… A.Oregon Trail. B.Relocation of Native American groups from the Southeast to the West. C.Removal of the Cherokee from the Southeast to the West. D.Mormon trek from the Midwest to the Utah Territory.

80. ANSWER… C. Removal of the Cherokee from the Southeast to the West.

81. An early nineteenth-century author who wrote frontier tales was… A.James Fennimore Cooper. B.Nathaniel Hawthorne. C.Edgar Allan Poe. D.Ralph Waldo Emerson.

82. ANSWER… A. James Fennimore Cooper.

83. The temperance movement worked to... A.Reform prisons. B.Improve the treatment of the mentally ill. C.Prohibit the sale of alcohol. D.Provide social services to immigrants.

84. ANSWER… C. Prohibit the sale of alcohol.

85. I crusaded to improve education. I began in Massachusetts, but my influence soon spread across the country. I established a state board of education an set up schools to train teachers. Who am I? A.Dorothea Dix. B.Lucretia Mott. C.Lyman Beecher. D.Horace Mann.

86. ANSWER… D. Horace Mann.

87. A split in the abolitionist movement occurred as a result of the demand for immediate emancipation of slaves by… A.The American Colonization Society. B.William Lloyd Garrison. C.The Free Soil Party. D.James Monroe.

88. ANSWER… B. William Lloyd Garrison.

89. As part of immigration restrictions, in 1830 the Mexican government prohibited American settlers from bringing enslaved labor to… A.Texas. B.New Mexico. C.California. D.Louisiana.

90. ANSWER… A. Texas.

91. The purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act was to… A.End the slave trade in the District of Columbia. B.Outlaw the Underground Railroad. C.Enforce the decision of Scott v. Sandford. D.Make it easier to find and return escaped African Americans to their slaveholders.

92. ANSWER… D. Make it easier to find and return escaped African Americans to their slaveholders.

93. When the Republican Party organized in 1854, party members agreed to support… A.The immediate emancipation of enslaved African Americans. B.Gradual emancipation of enslaved African Americans. C.A ban on slavery in the territories. D.The principle of popular sovereignty in the territories.

94. ANSWER… C. A ban on slavery in the territories.

95. Fort Sumter became the focus of the conflict between the North and the South when… A.President Lincoln announced the fort would be resupplied. B.Confederate leaders ordered the fort to surrender. C.Federal forces renounced the Union and handed over the fort to the Confederacy. D.Confederate forces overran and captured the fort.

96. ANSWER… A. President Lincoln announced the fort would be resupplied.

97. The Union Army did not accept African American enlistees until after… A.President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. B.The confederate victory at Chancellorsville. C.The Battle of Antietam. D.Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.

98. ANSWER… A. President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

99. Which of the following were two major defeats from which the confederate Army never recovered? A.Gettysburg and Vicksburg. B.Gettysburg and Fredericksburg. C.Fredericksburg and the Second Battle of Bull Run. D.Vicksburg and the Second Battle of Bull Run.

100. ANSWER… A. Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

101. Lincoln’s reelection in 1864 was aided by… A.The Union defeat of the Southern forces at Chattanooga. B.The issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. C.Sherman’s capture of Atlanta. D.The end of the war in the West.

102. ANSWER… C. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta.

103. I led Reconstruction efforts in the Senate. I distrusted the South and thought the federal government should vigorously enforce the rights of freed African Americans. Who am I? A.Thaddeus Stevens. B.Andrew Johnson. C.Stephen Douglas. D.Edwin Stanton.

104. ANSWER… A. Thaddeus Stevens.

105. One purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau was to… A.Redistribute land from former slaveholders to freed African Americans. B.Register African Americans to vote. C.Established state governments in former Confederate states. D.Help freed African Americans negotiate labor contracts with planters.

106. ANSWER… D. Help freed African Americans negotiate labor contracts with planters.

107. The purpose of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments was to… A.Punish the former Confederate states. B.Satisfy abolitionists. C.Guarantee certain rights and freedoms for African Americans. D.Make it easier for Southern states to be readmitted to the Union.

108. ANSWER… C. Guarantee certain rights and freedoms for African Americans.

109. The Fifteenth Amendment… A.Emancipated African Americans. B.Guaranteed African Americans due process under the law. C.Conferred citizenship to all African Americans. D.Granted all male African Americans the right to vote.

110. ANSWER… D. Granted all male African Americans the right to vote.

111. The federal government passed the Homestead Act in order to encourage… A. Construction of a transcontinental railroad. B. The fencing of the open range. C. Settlement of the Great Plains. D. Development of agricultural colleges.

112. ANSWER… C. Settlement of the Great Plains.

113. As people’s attitudes about the treatment of Native American changed, Congress passed the Dawes Act in 1887. This act reflected the new policy of… A.Isolationism. B.Assimilation. C.Recognition of Native American sovereignty. D.Naturalization.

114. ANSWER… B. Assimilation.

115. The last Native American attempt to resist federal authority took place at… A.Sand Creek. B.Medicine Lodge Creek. C.Wounded Knee. D.The Little Big Horn River.

116. ANSWER… C. Wounded Knee.

117. I refused to be relocated to a smaller reservation in Idaho. Instead I led the Nez Perce in a flight of almost 1,300 miles before I had to give up. Who am I? A.Chief Joseph. B.Little Crow. C.Sitting Bull. D.Crazy Horse.

118. ANSWER… A. Chief Joseph.

119. The United States was able to industrialize quickly because of… A.Its lack of labor unions. B.Its abundance of natural resources. C.Its low tariffs on imports. D.The depressed price of agricultural products.

120. ANSWER… B. Its abundance of natural resources.

121. The Knights of labor lost support as a result of… A.The union’s refusal to accept African Americans. B.The failure of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. C.The union’s call for equal pay for women. D.The violence of the Haymarket Riot.

122. ANSWER… D. The violence of the Haymarket Riot.

123. Andrew Carnegie believed that those who profited from society should give back to society by using their money for social progress. This philosophy is know as… A.Social Darwinism. B.The Gospel of Wealth. C.Individualism. D.Single tax theory.

124. ANSWER… B. The Gospel of Wealth.

125. The Grange, the Greenback Party, and the Populist Party were established to benefit… A.Farmers. B.Ranchers. C.Bankers. D.Factory workers.

126. ANSWER… A. Farmers.

127. Although not a Populist Party member, my stands on issues appealed to Populists. I was a Democrat and the Alabama Commissioner of Agriculture. I ran for governor in 1892 but was defeated by another Democrat. Who am I? A.Reuben Kolb. B.James B. Weaver. C.Thomas G. Jones. D.Oliver H. Kelly.

128. ANSWER… A. Reuben Kolb.

129. The major issue in the presidential election of 1896 was… A.immigration. B.Antitrust laws. C.The gold standard versus the silver standard. D.Growing U.S. imperialism.

130. ANSWER… C. The gold standard versus the silver standard.

131. Segregation was enforced in the South as a result of the… A.Grandfather clause. B.End of the Freedmen’s Bureau. C.Passage of Jim Crow laws. D.Policy of Manifest Destiny.

132. ANSWER… C. Passage of Jim Crow laws.

133. The opening of Japan to trade and the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands and the Philippines were the result of… A.The Open Door Policy. B.Congress’s desire to establish protectorates. C.Cultural superiority. D.Imperialism.

134. ANSWER… D. Imperialism.

135. As U.S. secretary of state, I championed the idea of Pan-Americanism. I wanted American nations to work out their disputes peacefully. Who am I? A.James G. Blaine B.Henry Cabot Lodge C.Matthew Perry D.Alfred T. Mahan

136. ANSWER… A. James G. Blaine

137. The Rough Riders fought in the Spanish-American War in… A.Puerto Rico. B.Cuba. C.The Philippines. D.Panama.

138. ANSWER… B. Cuba.

139. As a result of the Platt Amendment, Cuba… A.Gained complete independence. B.Was annexed by the United States. C.Became a protectorate of the United States in all but name. D.Received commonwealth status.

140. ANSWER… C. Became a protectorate of the United States in all but name.

141. Ida Tarbell, who published The History of the Standard Oil Company, was one the progressives whose focus on big business led to… A.Passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act. B.Washburn v. Illinois. C.Establishment of the American Federation of Labor. D.The prosecution and breakup of the company.

142. ANSWER… A. Passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

143. After the Civil War, the suffrage movement split over… A.Whether to give up the fight for the vote or continue. B.Whether to support passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments without the inclusion of women. C.Whether to work for temperance as well as suffrage. D.The best strategy to use in order to gain the vote.

144. ANSWER… B. Whether to support passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments without the inclusion of women.

145. I was head of the U.S. Forestry Service under President Theodore Roosevelt. I was a progressive who believed the role of government was to regulate private business. I wrote rules governing how lumber companies could cut timber in federal forests. Who am I? A.J.P. Morgan B.Eugene V. Debs C.John Muir D.Gifford Pinchot

146. ANSWER… D. Gifford Pinchot

147. Woodrow Wilson’s program of reform was know as the… A.New Nationalism. B.New Freedom. C.Fair Deal. D.Square Deal.

148. ANSWER… B. New Freedom.

149. The Niagara Movement, which began when progressives did not address reform issues for African Americans, led to the formation of… A.settlement houses. B.The Congress of Racial Equality. C.The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. D.The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

150. ANSWER… D. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

151. The third member of the Triple Entente, along with Great Britain and Russia, was… A.France. B.Germany. C.Austria-Hungary. D.the United States.

152. ANSWER… A. France

153. Before the United States entered World War I, U.S. business interests supported Great Britain rather than Germany because… A.many U.S. businesspeople were of British ancestry. B.The British pound relied on the health of the U.S. economy. C.Many U.S. companies and banks had strong ties to businesses in Britain and the other Allied countries. D.German companies did not do business with U.S. companies.

154. ANSWER… C. Many U.S. companies and banks had strong ties to businesses in Britain and the other Allied countries.

155. The Palmer raids occurred as a result of… A.the rise of organized crime. B.The Red Scare. C.Prohibition. D.The use of strikebreakers during the 1919 strikes.

156. ANSWER… B. the Red Scare.

157. Under the provisions of the National Origins Act of 1924, most immigrants to the United States in the 1920s came from… A.northern and western Europe. B.Asia. C.southern and eastern Europe. D.Africa.

158. ANSWER… A. northern and western Europe.

159. Racial pride and the flourishing of jazz and blues are characteristics that describe a cultural movement during the 1920s known as… A.romanticism. B.Greenwich Village. C.realism. D.the Harlem Renaissance.

160. ANSWER… D. the Harlem Renaissance.

161. As the economy boomed during the 1920s, Americans changed how they bought and paid for goods as a result of… A.an increase in the number of banks. B.Installment credit. C.the assembly line. D.mass production.

162. ANSWER… B. Installment credit.

163. The effects of the stock market crash of 1929 were made worse by the… A.sale of U.S. agricultural products abroad. B.passage of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff. C.Federal Reserve’s raising of interest rates. D.continued speculation in the stock market.

164. ANSWER… B. passage of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff.

165. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first act in office was to… A.ask Congress to establish the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. B.Shut down the stock market. C.Ask Congress to set up soup kitchens. D.Declare a “bank holiday.”

166. ANSWER… D. Declare a “bank holiday.”

167. Which of the following New Deal programs provided jobs for Americans? A.Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation B.National Labor Relations Act C.Civil Works Administration D.Emergency Banking Relief Act

168. ANSWER… C. Civil Works Administration

169. The New Deal era came to an end… A.when the Supreme Court struck down New Deal legislation. B.with the recession of 1937. C.when World War II began. D.when Republicans and Southern Democrats blocked additional New Deal legislation in Congress.

170. ANSWER… D. when Republicans and Southern Democrats blocked additional New Deal legislation in Congress.

171. Hitler appealed to many Germans’… A.fear of fascism. B.concern over the growing power of right-wing political parties. C.resentment over the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. D.hatred of Czechs and Poles.

172. ANSWER… C. resentment over the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

173. The turning point for the Allies in the war in the Pacific was the… A.Battle of Stalingrad. B.Battle of Britain. C.Battle of Midway. D.Capture of Casablanca.

174. ANSWER… C. Battle of Midway.