1. Internal Combustion Engine SJCHS

2. Fossil Fuels Gasoline: 4-12 carbons in hydrocarbon chain Diesel: 8-25 carbons in hydrocarbon chain; 113% more energy than gasoline; more expensive

3. Fossil Fuels Pollution from fossil fuels

4. Fossil Fuels Pollution of diesel versus gasoline NGHG: Non-greenhouse gas emissions GHG: Greenhouse gases Diesel emissions have decreased over time but cleaner fuel decreases fuel efficiencies;

5. Fossil Fuels Fuel costs have risen

6. Fossil Fuels US imports 45% of our oil supply; prices and supply depends on international events

7. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are nonrenewable; worldwide production of oil will peak by 2050; the world will run out of “cheap” oil

8. Fossil Fuels 4 stroke internal combustion engine (ICE) Gasoline- compressed air/fuel mixture ignited by a spark powers car; 20- 30% engine efficiency

9. Fossil Fuels Diesel ICE: fuel injected into compressed air causing ignition which powers car; 45% engine efficiency; Diesel ICEs need higher pressures (increases costs)

11. Biofuels Biofuels: Fuels made from plants that run an ICE; renewable; made domestically Ethanol- “biogas” (E85) Biodiesel (B100, B20)

12. How is ethanol made?

13. Biofuels Ethanol: C 2 H 5 OH; different plants have different energy contents

14. Biofuels Ethanol overall has lower emissions though individual pollutants can be higher than gasoline

16. Biofuels Ethanol costs more than gasoline

17. Biofuels There are fewer E85 stations outside the Midwest

18. Biofuels Ethanol: Extends spark plug life, reduces engine deposits; lower fuel economy; may not ignite in cold weather; E85 corrosive (need specialized engine parts)

20. Biofuels Biodiesel: Can be made with plants or waste vegetable oil; different plants have different energy contents

21. How is biodiesel made?

22. Biofuels Biodiesel overall has lower emissions though individual pollutants can be higher than diesel

24. Biofuels Biodiesel costs more than diesel

25. Biofuels There are few B20/B100 stations

26. Biofuels Biodiesels: Better lubricant, reduces engine deposits; lower fuel economy; can freeze/gel in cold weather B100:Need to replace different engine parts to avoid clogging B20: No modifications

28. Improving the ICE