1. Public Lands and New Settlements Essential Questions: What makes a culture unique? Link for Interactive Map

2. Vocabulary Headright Grant (Land for HOH) – A grant of free land issued during the Republic to the head of a household Homestead (Home) – A family home and its surrounding lands

3. Vocabulary Immigration Agent (Recruits settlers) – A person licensed and paid in land or money to bring settlers into a country Artisan (Makes things) – A person skilled at making things by hand

4. Public Lands and New Settlements New business opportunities and the promise of free land drew immigrants to Texas from the United States, Europe, and Mexico. Many Americans who moved to Texas owed money back in the United States, so the Texas government passed the Homestead Act to protect a family’s home and land from seizure by creditors.

6. Public Lands and New Settlements Many immigrants came to the republic from Germany with the help of immigration agents. These German immigrants brought their music and social traditions to Texas. (Mainly middle class landowners and artisans) Natural resources and geographic features, such as rivers, encouraged the development of towns in northeastern and southeastern Texas; however, raids by Native Americans held back the development of towns in other parts of Texas. (Castroville, Grand Saline, Dallas, Waco)

7. The port of Indianola was founded originally as Indian Point and was used as the landing area on the Gulf coast for many of the German immigrants who came to Texas. The town grew as an important port city.

12. This video demonstrates that the German dialect of early Texan settlers can still be heard by Texans today.

13. Grand Saline, Texas is named for the salinas, which are the salt deposits in the region. Cherokee produced the first salt in the area in 1834. Originally called Jordan's Saline, the town was renamed Grand Saline when it became a railroad depot for the Texas and Pacific Railway. Today trolleys inside the mine are used to move loads of salt up to the surface, where the salt is shipped elsewhere. Towns of the Northeast – GRAND SALINE Natural resources and geographic features encouraged settlement in certain locations of the new country.

14. A reconstructed log cabin stands out among the gleaming modern buildings of downtown Dallas. The crude structure symbolizes the home and trading post of the founder of Dallas, John Neely Bryan. Why do you think Bryan's cabin was so small? Towns of the Northeast - DALLAS

15. Native American raids inhibited settlement in the Brazos Valley and other parts of Texas. One town that did arise in the Brazos Valley was Waco. Scottish immigrant Neal McLennan settled Waco in 1845. At the urging of surveyor and former ranger George B. Erath, who had served in the area, the new town was placed at the former site of a Native American agricultural village. The town sold both town lots and farming lots to attract settlers. Other Towns of the Republic - WACO Baylor University – oldest university in Texas

16. One of the largest land grants went to the W. S. Peters Company. Located in North Texas, the Peters Colony covered about 16,000 square miles. Most of the colony’s settlers came from the United States. The colony went through several changes in ownership and had difficulty attracting and keeping settlers. Confusion over land ownership hampered the colony as well, often resulting in disputed claims. W.S. Peters Company Immigration Agents

17. Racial and Ethnic Minorities Mexican Texans Friction became common between Anglo and Tejano communities after the Texas Revolution. Some Anglo Americans took Tejano property by force, and as a result, some Tejanos fled to Mexico for safety.

18. Tejanos embraced their culture and continued to celebrate Mexican holidays and traditions, including this dance, called the "fandango.” How might the Tejanos’ preservation of their Mexican culture have caused Anglo Americans to mistrust them?

19. Free African Americans of the Republic Most African Americans in the Republic of Texas were enslaved workers. During this time, free African Americans saw their rights restricted. An 1840 law stated that free African Americans who came to Texas after its independence from Mexico had to leave the republic within two years or lose their freedom.

20. Quiz B C

21. C D

22. D C

23. B D

24. D A