2. GLOBAL III 12/1/15 Topic: French Revolution Essential Question: What caused the French Revolution? (1774-1794) DO NOW: Explain one way the Enlightenment thinkers influenced people in Europe..

3. Absolute Monarchs of France 1643-1715: Louis XIV (the 14 th ) ruled 1715-1774: Louis XV (the 15 th ) ruled 1774-1793: Louis XVI (the 16 th ) ruled

4. How’d the kings do? Louis XIV: He was powerful and feared. Louis XV: He was powerful but unpopular. Louis XVI: He was weak, indecisive and seen as a joke.

5. France under Louis XVI Spending on wars against Great Britain made France’s treasury (economy) almost completely bankrupt. The common people were starving (not even able to afford bread)

6. The French Estates

8. Remember that this is also the time of the Enlightenment. What do you think the following philosophers would say about France’s society and government at this time? (write the following in your own words!) – Locke: – Voltaire: – Rousseau: – Hobbes: – Make a prediction. Put a check by the philosophers you think the people of France will listen to. Then predict what you think will happen in France. `

9. Stop here

10. Beginning of the Revolution 1789 - meeting of the Estates General legislative body of France (Loius VXI needed MONEY) The members of the 3rd Estate demanded more power and formed the National Assembly June 17, 1789- delegates of 3rd estate vote to establish National Assembly- this is the first act of the revolution  Delegates establish the Tennis Court Oath

11. Tennis Court Oath What is happening in this painting?

12. The Storming of the Bastille Louis XVI tries to make peace with the 3rd estate by ordering the other 2 estates to join them in the National Assembly  rumors began of foreign troops coming to kill French citizens!! “Austrians, Prussians, and Brits…oh my!” July 14, 1789 - a CRAZY ANGRY mob overtakes the Bastille - a French prison- to get gunpowder The Bastille falls to the control of the citizens and the revolution has begun! The Bastille falls to the control of the citizens and the revolution has begun!

13. What do we see in this primary source? Oh boy, the King is going to be mad now!

14. Reforms of the Assembly August 27th, 1789- the Assembly adopts the Declaration on the Rights of Man A ugust 27th, 1789- the Assembly adopts the Declaration on the Rights of Man The Assembly also looks at the relationship between the Church and the government Church land is taken by the state and priests/clergy must be elected by the people Give me back my Land!

15. Changes made by the Assembly A limited constitutional monarchy is created  stripping the king of most of his power  September, 1791, the National Assembly finishes a constitution and gives power to the new Legislative Assembly  September, 1791, the National Assembly finishes a constitution and gives power to the new Legislative Assembly They’ve taken my power! They’ve taken my power! King’s power! King’s power!

16. The National Convention Sept. 1792 – (a newer more radical gov’t) the National Convention abolishes the monarchy and declares France a republic All male citizens are given the right to vote and hold office!!!!

17. Death of Louis XVI 1793 - Louis XVI is tried and convicted of treason Guillotine He is sentenced to death at the Guillotine

18. Struggle for power Because of threats from foreign armies and domestic mobs there is a struggle for power Paris, France

19. What do we see happening?

20. Robespierre Maximillien Robespierre gains power- establishes the republic of virtue Off with his head

21. Robespierre as a Leader Robespierre wipes out all traces of the monarchy and religion For Example : Sunday was removed from the calendar because it was religious, and religion was now thought to be old fashioned  All churches closed  Begins the…

22. The Reign of Terror Summer 1793- Robespierre becomes the leader of the Committee of Public Safety The committee would decide who was an enemy of the state  Enemies were put to death People could be tried for “their conduct, their relations, their remarks or their writings” (little evidence)

23. What is happening here?

24. Dictator Robespierre becomes dictator and his rule becomes known as the Reign of Terror Robespierre becomes dictator and his rule becomes known as the Reign of Terror

25. Victims of the Terror 20-40 thousand killed Most were commoners The most famous was Marie Antoinette - widow of the king Even those who helped establish the revolution were put to death for not being “radical enough”

26. End of the Terror By July 1794 - no one was safe from Robespierre The National Convention turns on Robespierre and he is sentenced to death (beheading) - July 28, 1794 What goes around comes around! Irony?

27. Ouch!

28. New Government 1795 - a new government is formed 1795 - a new government is formed A 2 house legislative body and a 5 man executive called The Directory A 2 house legislative body and a 5 man executive called The Directory Napoleon Bonaparte is put in charge of France’s armies Oooh yeah,I’m short…but I’ll conquer you! What does this sound like?