1. Evolução dos Microprocessadores Afonso Ferreira Miguel

2. 4004 Introduction date"November 1971" Manufacturing process 2,300 transistors Data bus width4 bit Package16-pin Ceramic DIP Speed (MHz)0.74 Physical memory 640 bytes (RAM) and 4 KB (ROM) V core (V)15 ± 5% Min/Max operating temperature (°C) 0 – 70 Typical/Max power dissipation (W) 0.45 / 0.6

3. 4040 Data bus width4 bit Package 24-pin ceramic DIP Speed (MHz)0.74 Physical memory 4 KB (8 KB with a bank switch) Min/Max operating temperature (°C) 0 - 70 Typical/Max power dissipation (W) 0.6 / 0.9 (25°

4. 8008 Introduction dateApr-72 Manufacturing process3,500 transistors Data bus width8 bit Package18-pin DIP Speed (MHz)0.5 Physical memory (KB)16 Virtual memoryNone Floating Point UnitNone Min/Max operating temperature (°C) 0 - 70

5. 8080 Year:1974 Bus width:8 Clock speed:2 MHz Description:Successor to Intel 8008 CPU. The processor has 6,000 transistors, and can address 64 KB of physical memory. Computers:Altair 8800, IMSAI 8080, CompuColor II, Byte Computers Byt-8

6. 8085 Year:1976 Bus width:8 Clock speed:5 MHz Description:Enhanced version of Intel 8080 CPU. Computers:Radio Shack TRS-80 Models 100 and 200, CompuPro 8/16.

7. Z80 Year:1976 Bus width:8 Clock speed: 4 MHz Description:Improved version of Intel 8080 processor: new instructions. Computers:Radio Shack TRS-80 Models 1 - 4, Sinclair ZX81, Commodore 128D (also had 6502 CPU), Franklin Ace 1200 (also had 6502 CPU), etc.

8. 8086 Year:1978 Clock speed:5 ~10 MHz Bus width:16 Description:First generation of Intel 80x86 processors. 8086 was 16 bit processor (internally and externally). The processor has 29,000 transistors, and can address 1 MB of physical memory.

9. 8088 Year:1979 Bus width:8/16 Clock speed: 5 ~10 MHz Description:The processor is a modified version of 8086 - it has 8 bit external data bus width (8086 has 16 bit data bus), also instruction queue size and prefetching algorithms were changed. 8088 uses two consecutive bus cycles to write or read 16 bit data instead of one cycle for 8086. This made the processor to run slower, but on the plus side the hardware changes in 8088 made it compatible with 8080/8085 harware. The processor has 29,000 transistors, and can address 1 MB of physical memory. Computers:IBM PC series, Amstrad PPC-640, etc.

10. 68000 Year:1979 Bus width:16/32 Description:First generation of Motorola 680x0 series of processors. Computers:Apple Lisa 2, Apple Macintosh 128, Atari 520STfm and 1040STfm, Commodore Amiga 500 and 1000.

11. 80186 Year:1982 Bus width:16 Clock speed:10 MHz Description:Next generation of 80x86 processors. Used mostly as embedded processor.

12. 80286 Year:1982 Bus width:16 Clock speed:6 ~ 25 MHz Description:Second generation of 80x86 processors: new instructions, protected mode, supported 16MB of memory. The processor has 134,000 transistors, and can address 16 MB of physical memory and 4 GB of virtual memory.

13. 80386 Year:1985 Bus width:32 Clock speed:20 ~ 33 MHz Description:Third generation of 80x86 processors: new processor modes, 32 bit, increased speed. The processor includes 275,000 transistors, and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.

14. 80486 Year:1989 Bus width:32 Clock speed: 33 ~ 75 MHz Description:Fourth generation of 80x86 processors: integrated floating-point unit, internal clock multiplier. The processor has 1,200,000 transistors (less in SX version), and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.

15. Pentium Year:1993 Bus width:32 Clock speed: 9 ~200 MHz Description:Fifth generation of x86 processors: superscalar architecture, MMX. The processor has 3,100,000 transistors, and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.

16. Pentium II Year:1995 Bus width:32 Clock speed:266 ~500 MHz Description:Sixth generation of x86 processors; Single Edge Contact cartridge (slot 1)

17. Moore’s Law Intel co-founder Gorden Moore notice in 1964; Number of transistors doubled every 12 months while price unchanged; Slowed down in the 1980s to every 18 months; Amazingly still correct, likely to keep until 2010.