1. Biotechnology Notes

2. Biotechnology = the manipulation of living organisms or parts of organisms to make products useful to humans.

3. The Need for Biotechnology –Green Revolution: increase in crop production by crop breeding, new pesticides, and new management techniques –Genetic Make-up: Selecting for organisms with highly desired traits –Genetic Improvement: Increase production at lower cost

4. Current Uses Plants: Transgenic crops that have been modified to resist insects Animals: Cloning, genetic sequencing Medicine: Gene Therapy, Genetic Mapping Environment: Bioremediation (using organisms to fix an environmental problem)

5. Selective breeding Produces organisms with desired traits Requires time and several generations to produce offspring with the desired trait Examples: –Short vs long haired cats –Milk production in cattle –Disease resistant foods

6. Genetically Manipulated Organism (GMO) Those organisms that have had genetic material removed and/or inserted in order to change one or more particular traits of an organism.

7. Recombinant DNA Organisms containing recombinant DNA or foreign DNA are known as transgenic

8. Recombinant DNA Steps 1.Select the desired gene(s) to be inserted into the organism 2.Cut two DNA molecules into fragments with special (restriction) enzymes 3.Splice (rejoin) the fragments together in the desired combination 4.Introduce the new DNA into a living cell for replication

9. Cloning