1. By: Mary Helen, Charles, Claire

2. The word geography was invented by the Greek scholar Eratosthenes- He built off the work of Aristotle and Plato “Geo” means Earth and “Graphy” mean to write Roman geographers: Strabo & Ptolemy Father of cartography: art and science of map-making 18 th century, environmental determinism was founded: the belief that the environment causes human development Later, possibilism was created: landscapes are the products of complex human and environmental relationships History of Geography

3. Place: Description of a specific point on the Earth’s surface / human and physical features that make it unique All inhabited places on Earth have been given place names (toponyms) Location and Place

4. Two Types of Location: Absolute: Location on the global grid / mathematical Lines of latitude (parallels) North & South of Equator Longitude (meridians) East and West of Prime Meridian Note: Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich, England (Basis of Greenwich Time) Relative: Relationship to places around it Two types of Location

5. Site: Specific physical and cultural characteristics of a place such as terrain and dominant religions Situation: Location of a place relative to physical and cultural characteristics around it. Site and Situation

6. Region: Spatial unit or group of places that share similar and unifying characteristics 3 Types: Formal (Uniform) Area that has a common cultural or physical feature Example: Marion County- shares a county government Functional Region (Nodal) Area organized around a node or focal point defined by social or economic function Example: Circulation of Lebanon Enterprise Vernacular Region (Perceptual) A place that people believe exist because of their cultural identity Example: The American South Regions

7. Distortion: Errors resulting from flattening or projecting the Earth onto a flat surface 4 Properties of Maps: Shape Size Distance Direction (Cardinal and Intermediate) Map-Making

8. Projections Mercator Robinson

9. Projections Goode Lambert

10. Azimuthal (Polar) (Lambert)

11. The frequency with which something occurs in space 3 Types Arithmetic Total number of object sin an area Physiological Number of people per unit of area suitable for agriculture Agricultural Number of farmers per unit area of farmland 2 Types of Concentration: How the features are spread over space Dispersed and Clustered Density

12. Process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time The place where it originates is called the HEARTH 5 Types of Diffusion Relocation EXPANISION Hierarchical Contagious Stimulus Diffusion

13. A. Geographic Information System (GIS): A computer program that stores data and produces maps through layering data patterns over each other B. Remote Sensing: The collection of info from satellites C. Global Positioning System (GPS): Satellite Driven remote sensing to determine exact location on the global grid Geographic Technology and Data

14. Distance Decay: The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin Globalization: Actions or processes that involve the entire world International Date Line: 180 Longitude. -When heading East the clock moves back 24 hours -When going west the calendar moves ahead one day Space Time Compression: Reduction in time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place because of improved communication in transportation Transnational Corporation: A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries Random Things You Should Probably Know For BINGO