2. Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist

4. 1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE 2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE 3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE 4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE Paleolithic Age: ( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE Paleolithic Age: ( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE

5. “ Paleolithic ” --> “ Old Stone ” Age  “ Paleolithic ” --> “ Old Stone ” Age 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE  2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of 20-30 humans  hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of 20-30 humans NOMADIC (moving from place to place)  NOMADIC (moving from place to place) Made tools  Made tools

6. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.  Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans. Australopithecines: the earliest hominids and the first to use simple stone tools  Australopithecines: the earliest hominids and the first to use simple stone tools An Apposable Thumb  An Apposable Thumb

7.  HOMO HABILIS ( “ Man of Skills ” ) found in East Africa.  found in East Africa. created flake stone tools.  created flake stone tools.

8. Humans during this period found shelter in caves.  Humans during this period found shelter in caves. Cave paintings left behind.  Cave paintings left behind. Purpose??Purpose??

9. 1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE HOMO ERECTUS ( “ Upright Human Being ” )  HOMO ERECTUS ( “ Upright Human Being ” ) Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology  Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.  First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )  First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ) BIPEDALISM  BIPEDALISM

10. “What benefits does fire provide?” Kills bacteria Keeps predators away Releases more carbohydrates in food, which means the food has more energy, this, is associated with the rising brain size of hominids.

11. Are we all Africans “ under the skin ” ????

12. THE JOURNEY OF MANKIND http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/

13. 200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS ( “ Wise Human Being ” ) Neanderthals ( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE ) Cro-Magnons ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )

14. NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS: Neander Valley, Germany (1856)  Neander Valley, Germany (1856) First humans to bury their dead.  First humans to bury their dead. Made clothes from animal skins.  Made clothes from animal skins. Lived in caves and tents.  Lived in caves and tents.

15. NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS Early Hut/Tent

16. CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiens “ Wise, wise human ”  “ Wise, wise human ”  Evolved 20,000 years ago “ Wise, wise human ”  “ Wise, wise human ”  Evolved 20,000 years ago By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.  By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals. WHY???

18. 70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

19. The San of Southern Africa Aka “Busmen” 50-80,000 left Clicking language Kalahari Desert Hunter/gathers with just stone tech. Poisoned arrows, 28 total tools Egalitarian Small bands of 10-30 No formal leaders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c246fZ-7z1w

20. “ Neolithic ”  “ New Stone ” Age  “ Neolithic ”  “ New Stone ” Age 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE  10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE Gradual shift from:  Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering  agricultural production and domestication of animals.

21. 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE  8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.  Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. SLASH-AND-BURN Farming  SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

22. Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?

23. Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations.  Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged.  More permanent, settled communities emerged. 9,000 BCE  Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq )  wheat  9,000 BCE  Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq )  wheat

24. 8,000 BCE  Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey )  6,000 inhabitants  8,000 BCE  Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey )  6,000 inhabitants Division of labor  Division of labor Engaged in trade  Engaged in trade  Organized religion Small military  Small military 12 cultivated crops  12 cultivated crops An obsidian dagger

25. Çatal Hüyük http://www.catalhoyuk.com/ Çatal Hüyük http://www.catalhoyuk.com/

26. What role did the food supply play in shaping the nomadic life of hunter-gatherers and the settled life of the farmers?

31. AdvancedCities SpecializedWorkers ComplexInstitutions Record-Keeping AdvancedTechnology