1. Early Humans

2. The Stone Ages
Paleolithic - Old Stone Age: 2,500,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.
Neolithic – New Stone Age: 8,000 to 4,000 B.C.

3. Time Periods Prehistory - before writing
B.C. & A.D. – developed by a monk around A.D. 532
B.C. – “Before Christ”
A.D. – “Anno Domini”

4. Paleolithic Age
1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC
Paleolithic Age: ( Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BC to 8,000 BC
2. 1,500,000 BC ,000 BC
,000 BC – 30,000 BC
4. 30,000 BC -- 8,000 BC

5. Paleolithic Age The Ice Ages – 100,000 to 8,000 B.C.
Humans were able to adapt environment through use of fire
Land bridges made possible the spread of humans
Japan & Korea
Great Britain & Europe
Malay Peninsula to Australia
Bering Strait

6. Beringia

7. Paleolithic Age Made tools Used lava rocks to cut meat & crack bones
Used spears to hunt & fish with
Hunting men and gathering women
NOMADIC – moving from place to place

8. Are we all Africans “under the skin”????
Differing Human Migration Theories
Are we all Africans “under the skin”????

9. Paleolithic Age Humans found shelter in caves
Cave paintings left behind

10. Human Migration

11. Neolithic Age
The Neolithic Revolution – dawn of systematic agriculture
Neolithic – New Stone Age
Domesticated Animals – dogs, goats, oxen, cattle, pigs, chickens
Crops – grains, bananas, yams, rice, wheat, barley
Rise of villages – Jericho & Catal Huyuk (8,000 B.C.)

12. Neolithic Age Technological advances
Agricultural – sickle, pottery, plow, fertilizer
Loom – for weaving flax & cotton
Artisans made jewelry & weapons

13. The Agricultural Revolution
Farming developed independently in different parts of the world
Most likely due to climate changes
Slash & Burn – cut trees and burn to clear a field
Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia
8,000 BC ,000 BC ,500 BC ,000 BC ,000 BC

14. Complete chart on
Hominids & Early
Humans

15. Why is the
"Neolithic Revolution"
a turning point
in human history??

17. Early Discoveries

18. Stage 1
4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC
Hominids : Australopithecines
any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.
Southern & Eastern Africa
1974: Lucy found in Ethiopia – oldest hominid found to date
Known as Hominids: first to
walk upright (more mobility)

19. Stage 1 Africa – Olduvai Gorge
HOMO HABILIS (“Man of Skills”) million to 1.5 million B.C.
 found in East
Africa – Olduvai
Gorge
 created stone tools.

20. Homo Habilis

21. Stage 2
1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC
HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )
 Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology
 First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.
 First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )

22. Stage 3
200,000 BC – 8,000 BC
HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )
Neanderthals ( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Cro-Magnons ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )

23. Homo Sapiens

24. Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS: Europe & SWest Asia 200,000-30,000 B.C.
Neander Valley, Germany (1856)
Europe & SWest Asia
200,000-30,000 B.C.
First humans to bury their dead (Religion)
Made clothes from animal skins.
Lived in caves and tents.

25. Stage 3
NEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/Tent

26. Stage 3 CRO-MAGNONs: 40,000 to 8,000 B.C. Found in Europe
Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )
Found in Europe
By 30,000 B.C. they replaced Neanderthals.

27. Homo sapiens sapiens in Europe
Cro-Magnons
identical to modern humans
Spoken language
Planned their hunts: studies
animal habits & stalked prey
Populations grew faster than
Neanderthals
 Created Art

28. Cro-Magnon

29. Video: The Neolithic Ice Man
Section 1-2: Humans try
to Control Nature

30. Why is the
"Neolithic Revolution"
a turning point
in human history??

31. Early Settled Communities
Africa: The Nile River Valley  wheat, barley
China: Huang He (Yellow River) Valley  grain (millet), and rice
Mexico & Central America  corn, beans, squash
Peru  tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white potatoes

32. Early Settled Communities
8,000 B.C.  Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey )  6,000 inhabitants
 12 cultivated crops
 Division of labor
 Engaged in trade
 Organized religion
An obsidian dagger
 Small military

33. Early Settled Communities
Çatal Hüyük

34. What is the
next step in the
development of
human settlements??

35. Cities
CIVILIZATIONS !!

36. What are the
characteristics
of a civilization??

37. CIVILIZATION Advanced Cities Advanced Technology Specialized Workers
Record-
Keeping
Complex
Institutions

38. Civilizations
1. Advanced cities  Center of Trade – variety of goods 2. Specialized Workers  skills in a specific kind of work 3. Complex Instituions  Government, Religion, economy 4. Record Keeping  Tax, laws, storage of grain, Calendar of rituals 5. Advanced Technology  Plows, irrigation, Bronze Age for Weapons

39. Civilization Emerges in Ur
Banks of the Euphrates River (Sumer)
Population 30,000
3000 B.C.
Well defined social classes
Barter system
Ziggurat (Temple) is center of city life

40. Ziggurat at Ur
Temple
“Mountain of the Gods”

41. The Course of Empire: The Savage State

42. The Course of Empire: Pastoral State

43. The Course of Empire: The Consummation

44. The Course of Empire: Destruction

45. The Course of Empire: Desolation

46. Resources Susan Pojer: Horace Greely HS – NY
Pat Helm: Hickory Ridge HS – NC
Darrell Wells: Hickory Ridge HS - NC