1. Mobilizing for Defense
Chapter 17, Section 1
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2. Objectives
Explain how the United States expanded its armed forces in WW II.
Describe the wartime mobilization of industry, labor, scientists, and the media.
Trace the efforts of the US government to control the economy and deal with alleged subversion.

3. Main Idea
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States mobilized for war.

4. Why It Matters Now
Military industries in the United States today are a major part of the American economy.

7. Selective Service 5 million volunteer
Two ocean war in Europe and the Pacific
10 million drafted
Selective Service System

8. Expanding the Military
Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)
350,000 serve
Nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, and pilots.
Women in Uniform
Genders are integrated in 1978

9. Problems for Working Women
Hostile reaction from other men
Restricted fraternization
No child care
Wage discrepancies for equal work
Willow Run in 1945
Women = $2,928 per year
Men = $3,363 per year

10. The Postwar Push to “Demobilize” Women
Women wanted to stay working
Pressure from returning servicemen was intense
Industry and government made campaigns encouraging women to return to the home
Women work part-time to supplement incomes

11. Dramatic Contributions
African Americans in WW II
1 million serve
Lived and worked in segregated units
Limited combat roles
Double “V” Campaign

12. Dramatic Contributions
A. Phillip Randolph
FDR signs Fair Employment Practices Exec Order
Start of Modern Civil Rights Movement
War Veteran Jackie Robinson & MLB

13. Dramatic Contributions
300,000 Mexican Americans
13,000 Chinese Americans
1 out of every 5 adult males
Chinese exclusion laws still banned immigration and naturalization process
33,000 Japanese Americans
25,000 Native Americans

14. The Industrial Response
Arsenal of Democracy
Conversion of peacetime industries
Henry Kaiser’s Liberty Ships built in 4 days using prefabrication methods

15. Labor’s Contributions
18 million workers
6 million of these were women
2 million minority workers
The war ends the Great Depression
The 1943 Post Cover by Norman Rockwell. Copyright by the Curtis Publishing Company and reproduced here with their kind permission SEPS: Licensed by Curtis Publishing, Indianapolis, IN

16. Hollywood Helps Mobilize
Early on movies energized Americans to join the war effort.
Across the Pacific (1942)
Action in the North Atlantic (1943)
Air Force (1943)
All Through the Night (1935)
Back to Bataan (1945)
Bataan (1943)
Black Dragons (1942)
Blood on the Sun (1945)
Bombs Over Burma(1943)
Destination Tokyo (1943)
Dive Bomber (1941)
The Fighting Seabees (1944)
Flying Tigers (1942)
Gung Ho! (1943)
They Were Expendable (1945)
Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944)

17. American Propaganda Domestic propaganda
As the war dragged on, people grew weary of the war’s grim reality.
Hollywood responded with musicals and romances that allowed viewers to escape.

18. Scientists Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)
Radar, sonar
Pesticides
Penicillin
Atomic bomb
The Manhattan Project Begins

19. Economic Controls Fighting Inflation
Office of Price Administration (OPA) froze prices on most goods.
Raised and extended income taxes to limit consumer spending.
Sale of war bonds.

20. Economic Controls Reserving Resources
War Production Board (WPB) allocated raw materials to industry.
Started recycling drives.

21. Economic Controls Rationing
Established fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the war effort.
Ration books