1. The Mouth and Associated Organs The mouth – oral cavity Mucosal layer Stratified squamous epithelium Lamina propria The lips and cheeks Formed from orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles, respectively

2. Anatomy of the Mouth Figure 22.12a

3. Figure 22.12b Anatomy of the Mouth The labial frenulum Connects lips to gum The palate Forms the roof of the mouth

4. The Tongue Interlacing fascicles of skeletal muscle Grips food and repositions it Helps form some consonants Intrinsic muscles – within the tongue Extrinsic muscles – external to the tongue Lingual frenulum Secures tongue to floor of mouth

5. The Superior Surface of the Tongue Tongue papillae Filiform papillae – no taste buds Fungiform papillae Circumvallate papillae Sulcus terminalis Marks border between mouth and pharynx Posterior 1/3 of tongue lies in oropharynx Lined with lingual tonsil

6. Superior Surface of the Tongue Figure 22.13

7. The Teeth Deciduous teeth – 20 teeth First appear at 6 months of age Permanent teeth – 32 teeth Most erupt by the end of adolescence

8. The Teeth Figure 22.14

9. How many deciduous teeth are there? A) 32 B) 20 C) 18 D) It varies from person to person.

10. Tooth Structure Longitudinal section of tooth in alveolus Figure 22.15

11. The Salivary Glands Produce saliva Compound tubuloalveolar glands Parotid glands Parotid duct – parallel to zygomatic arch Contains only serous cells Submandibular glands Lies along medial surface of mandible Sublingual glands Lies in floor of oral cavity Contains primarily mucous cells

12. The Salivary Glands Figure 22.16 The enzymes in the salivary glands contains enzymes which begin the digestion of carbohydrates, bicarbonate buffer that neutralizes the acids that are produced by oral bacteria and initiate tooth decay and bactericidal enzymes, antiviral substances, antibodies and cyanide compounds which may kill harmful oral microorganisms.

13. Which of the following is not contained in saliva? A) enzymes that begin the digestion of proteins B) bactericidal enzymes C) enzymes that initiate the digestion of carbohydrates D) bicarbonate buffer

14. The Pharynx Oropharynx and laryngopharynx Passages for air and food Lined with stratified squamous epithelium External muscle layer Consists of superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors