1. Aim: How were the original 13 colonies organized?

2. The English Colonies
Do Now- Give at least 3 reasons people would come over to the English colonies as colonists
Who came over as colonists?
Religious dissidents
Lower classes
Indentured servants
Minor nobles who tried to get richer
Original failed settlements
Newfoundland
Roanoke Island

3. Types of Colonies Royal Proprietary Charter Penal
Direct control by king
Proprietary
One guy, runs the show directly from the colony
Charter
King grants charter for self rule
Penal
Prisoners are the colonists under control of proprietor

4. Virginia Virginia Charter (1606) Jamestown 1607
King granted land to Virginia Company of London
Set up as joint stock company
Gave the settlers rights as English citizens
Jamestown 1607
120 men/ no women
Traders only- no farmers/ no ministers
So what is their purpose or goal?
Original goal was to collect gold/ Indian goods exotic crops
Not intended to be long term!!
After 9 months, only 38 left alive… Why?
Malaria/ natives
Cared more about finding gold then getting food!!!!
“gentlemen”

5. Smith and Smoke to the rescue
Capt. John Smith organized the “settlers” in gathering food/ setting up housing
Cruel punishments/ prevented men from “going native”
John Rolfe/ Pocahontas
Marriage created some peace
Rolfe brings tobacco to Virginia- “King Nicotine”
Positives of tobacco
Saved the colonies
Huge cash crop
Novelty in Europe
Negatives of tobacco
Reliance on one cash crop- “slave to the market”
Slaves to the market!!
Really bad on soil
Increased tensions with natives as they pursued new land to cultivate

6. Virginia Goal of the colony.. House of Burgesses
$$$$$
House of Burgesses
1619
Colonial assembly
Sets future precedent
1624- King hates tobacco, annoyed at Virginia, revokes Charter and makes it a royal colony

7. Maryland Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert)- Proprietor
“Catholic haven”
Maryland Act of Toleration- 1649
Freedom for all that believed in the Trinity….. But!!!!!
Deny divinity of Jesus= death!
Repealed in 1692
Tobacco colony
Chesapeake Bay area
Goal?
$$ and tolerance

8. South Carolina “Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina”
Set up a manor system with 8 Lord Proprietors
Wine/silk/ olive oil/ eventually rice
Populated by runaways from Virginia/ religious dissidents/slaves from West Indies- diverse for the South
Charleston

9. North Carolina
Separated from S. Carolina 1712
Outpost community

10. Georgia James Oglethorpe Penal colony… Why in Georgia?
Located between English colonies and Spanish Florida and French Louisiana
Strong native tribes in region
“buffer” for the good colonies

11. Plymouth Colony (Mass.)
Pilgrims forced to leave England
Move to Holland, but some want to keep English traditions
Separatists- wanted to break from Church of England
people go on Mayflower to New World
Had charter (from Virginia Company, not king) to settle northern part of Virginia territory(NY Harbor/Staten Island!)
Storm blew them off course, and they were running out of beer!!!,,,,Alternate plan develops!!!!
Go above Virginia and NY (Dutch)
No legal right to settle where they did
No charter from king, they went just outside the boundaries of “Virginia” territory, and north of Dutch NY
Miles Standish/ William Bradford
Mayflower Compact
Signed by 41 adult males (didn’t have to be part of the Separatists to sign)

12. Mayflower Compact
"In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620."

13. Importance of Mayflower Compact
1st US Constitution
God and man/ man and man
Equal democratic setup
Unimportance???
No legal enforceability outside of themselves

14. Plymouth Society Bradford elected governor 30 times
2/3rds died the 1st year
Goal??
Be able to practice their religion
Extremely intolerant of others!!!
Separation of church and state
Separatists- wanted to break from Church of England, not reform it
Never grew too large, eventually merged with Mass. Bay Colony(1691)

15. Massachusetts Bay 1628-Non-Separatist Puritans Charter from King
Still aligned with Church of England, just wanted to be more “pure” in its practice
Charter from King
John Winthrop
Stable from beginning
1000 migrants, by 1630’s- 20,000. Clear plan
Boston became the hub
Religion- “Congregationalists” (felt Anglican Church was too Catholic)
“City upon a hill”
"You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden."
Mass. Bay will be a beacon for mankind
Example of God’s kingdom on earth… “exceptionalism”
+ or - ???????
Calvinism- predestination
“visible saints”

16. Politics and Religion
“Where there is no law, (judges) shall rule as near the law of God as they can”- church is the state!!!
All “freemen” can vote- voting restricted to church members
BUT!!!! They believed in some separation of church and state
Ministers could not run for office
“If the people be governors, who shall be governed”

17. Mass. Bay Society Very close knit Uniform, no diversity
“Protestant work ethic”
Religion in every aspect of society
Salem Witch Trials
Expelled dissidents
Williams/ Anne Hutchinson
Antinomianism

18. “Rogues Island”- R.I. Roger Williams- minister in Salem
“Roger the Tolerant”???
Believed in total separation of Church and State
Didn’t have to attend church
No taxes for Church
Allowed other religious groups….
Colonists shouldn’t seize native lands- charters were illegal and settlers must pay natives for land
Only the “pure” can receive communion,,,
by the end of his term as minister, he was the only one eligible
Banished from colony in 1636
1644- he got full charter from king to set up separate colony of Rhode Island with full self rule
Very tolerant society in Rhode Island
Freedom of worship
Providence

19. Connecticut 1636-Thomas Hooker-Another dissenter of Mass. Bay
100 followers founded Hartford (Conn. River Valley
1639- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
1662- granted charter by King

20. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
What is the main purpose of the document?
Give 3 rights given to the people that are similar to today’s government.
Why is this an historic democratic document? (More than 1 reason)

21. New Hampshire Mason(New Hampshire)/Gorges (Maine)
Both never set foot in New World! Charter from king
Started as a fishing colony
Mass. Bay claimed it was illegal and on their territory- their land stretched all the way to Maine
Mass. Granted N.H. “self rule”
1679 king separated the two and made it a royal colony
Eventually N.H. becomes part of Dominion of New England

22. Pennsylvania 1638-Originally settled as New Sweden
Dutch took over 1655
1664- England defeated Dutch
1681- King James owed $$ to William Penn (father), so he gave the family the territory (part of Delaware also)
Son, William Penn founds colony (proprietary)
Philadelphia- “City of Brotherly Love”

23. Quaker Haven Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
“Holy Experiment”
Charter of Liberties
By far the most democratic and “nice” religious founding colony!!!
Best native relationship
Very diverse/ allowed all monotheistic religions
Separation of church/state/pacifists
No defined church leaders
Rejected Calvinism
Unlimited immigration/ liberal freedoms for colonists and Philly harbor all leads to Pennsylvania quickly becoming one of the largest and riches colonies

24. Delaware
Part of Penn.
Penn granted lower 3 counties self-rule, eventually became its own colony, although it had same governor as Penn. All the way up to Rev. War

25. New York
England’s American colonies split by Dutch control of NY, NJ, Del.
1664- conquered Dutch
Allowed the Dutch living there freedom of religion and language

26. New Jersey
James II (Duke of York), felt NY was too big to govern and gave NJ to his 2 friends, Berkeley and Carteret
2 proprietorships, East and West Jersey
Freedom of religion and assembly
Disputes over land forced king to merge NJ into 1 royal colony

28. Charter of Liberties