1. CDM/JI in the Transport Sector Naoyuki Hasegawa Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Japan hasegawa-n27@mlit.go.jp

2. World CO 2 Emission Sources

3. 13% 25% 29% Total Transport Road World CO2 Emission Increase Rate (2000/1990) 13% 22% 24% 42% 47% 62% 82% 94% 33% 89% 126% 27% 34% 33% OECD Total Africa Latin America Asia China CDM in Transport is less active

4. Workshop on CDM/JI in the Transport Sector (March 2003, Tokyo) Around 20 experts from the world and around 80 observers Exchange experience and information  17 presentations  8 on implemented or proposed projects  4 on transport or CDM overview in developing countries  5 on basic research, overview of the sector, etc Discuss how to overcome the difficulty  Recommendations http://teikougaisha.mlit.go.jp/wsdocs/ Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

5. Implemented and Proposed Projects Fuel Switch (CNG, Electricity (Trolly), etc) including engine replacement  Benefit to atmosphere pollution  Easier baseline/monitoring for fleet projects Inspection and Maintenance  Baseline may be controversial  Substantial contribution to environment Comprehensive Transport Management

6. Discussion Points Data Collection Costly, but benefit not only to CO 2  Local air quality  Traffic congestion/Traffic demand Technical type projects vs. Software – demand side initiatives Baseline 1 (policy vs. reality) Baseline 2 (accuracy vs. feasibility)

7. Baseline 1 (Policy vs. Reality) Inspection required by regulation, but not implemented  CDM to bring resource to overcome the barrier (finance, technologies, etc) Railway planned, but not constructed Reality should be the baseline

8. Baseline 2 (accuracy vs. feasibility) Accurate baseline (and monitoring) can be costly, and sometime not possible Leakage can be even more difficult If positive impact is expected, certain level of uncertainty can be allowed with some penalty Uncertainty should be allowed with some CER reduction Standardization of methodologies recommended (similar to small scale)

9. Software - Demand Side Initiative Eco-driving Public Transport Promotion Regulation for inspection/maintenance Car sharing Incentives for non-motorized transit (bikes, etc) etc. Change people’s behavior, but not involve major hardware investment With approval by the host country, this should be CDM

10. Recommendations CDM Executive Board to set up a Panel  identify requirements for the basic data for the transport CDM  assess how the CDM can address the need for transportation and land use planning, new transit infrastructure to slow down motorization

11. Recommendation (cont’d)  examine the appropriateness as CDM of  projects to remove the barriers to implementation of existing policies  projects that aim to change people's behavior  consider the feasibility of streamlining and discounting, including standardization, of methodologies

12. THANK YOU