1. PSYA3 Aggression Deindividuation

2. Lesson 2 Deindividuation BATs A01 Explain the causes of aggression according to deindividuation A02 Evaluate deindividuation http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/vi deos/view/20511/http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/vi deos/view/20511/ klu klux klan

3. Deindividuation Normal constraints on behaviour are weakened when a person loses their sense of individualityNormal constraints on behaviour are weakened when a person loses their sense of individuality –Crowds, uniforms, drugs & alcohol –Less likely to be identified & held responsible for aggressive behaviour –Anonymity  deindividuation  aggression –More pronounced: drunk/drugs [Based on Le Bon’s crowd behaviour theory] www.psychlotron.org.uk

4. Deindividuation

5. Deindividuation

6. Deindividuation Zimbardo (1969)Zimbardo (1969) –Hooded PPs were more aggressive Zimbardo (1973; Stanford Experiment)Zimbardo (1973; Stanford Experiment) –Guards’ aggression increased by uniforms, sunglasses, night-time Mullen (1985)Mullen (1985) –Violence of mob lynching a function of crowd size www.psychlotron.org.uk

7. The process… Being anonymous your inner constraints are reduced and your fear of consequences are reduced.Being anonymous your inner constraints are reduced and your fear of consequences are reduced. Lose sense of personal values and social norms.Lose sense of personal values and social norms. www.psychlotron.org.uk

8. AO2 Research Support Zimbardo (1969) - 2 ConditionsZimbardo (1969) - 2 Conditions 1.) Deindividuated = 2.) Control = RESULTS? Lab coats, hoodsLab coats, hoods No introductionsNo introductions Group instructionsGroup instructions Normal clothes and name tagsNormal clothes and name tags Introductions by nameIntroductions by name Individual instructionsIndividual instructions

9. Furthermore... Johnson and Shacks showed that... So what can we conclude from this..??? People respond to normative cues associated with the social context they are in

10. Real world applications Mann (1981)Mann (1981) Baiting crowd and suicide jumpers Other ideas??

11. Prosocial consequences of deindividuation Spivey and Prentice-Dunn (1990) Deindividuation could lead to either pro or antisocial behaviour depending on situational factors Prosocial cues led to more altruistic acts and fewer antisocial acts

12. More AO2 Gender differences Diener 1973Diener 1973 Cultural differences Watson (1973)Watson (1973)

13. Environmental Stressors Stress  Arousal  AggressionStress  Arousal  Aggression As arousal increases it becomes easier to trigger an aggressive response (up to a point)As arousal increases it becomes easier to trigger an aggressive response (up to a point) www.psychlotron.org.uk

14. Environmental Stressors Level of stress Likelihood of aggressive behaviour Aggressive responses most likely at moderately high levels of stress www.psychlotron.org.uk

15. Lack of Support for Deindividuation Postmes and Spears 1998 – meta analysis of 60 studies Insufficient support for major claims of deindividuation such as disinhibition and reduced self awareness

16. Over to you … Answer the questions Plan and write an essay – either qu 4 p61 or qu4 p63

17. Holiday Homework Start Revising!! – use the Outcome sheets to see how much you can remember about Sleep and Relationships Make a list of topics you find hard and let me have that when we return so I can tailor the revision sessions to these areas. Also revise Retake units – find your old notes I will try and put some past papers on the blog Catch up on any work missed please