1. Projection Presentation

3. Parts of the Upper Airway
Hard Palate: located at the roof of the mouth.
Because this palate is hard, sound bounces off it. This can help direct sound and make it resonant.
Soft Palate: is stretchy cartilage.
By lifting the soft palate there was more space inside the mouth and more room for sound, especially for high sounds!
Sinus: the acoustics of sound resonate in the cavities.
The cavity also adds higher frequencies and increasing the brightness and vitality of the sound.
Vocal Folds: Sound occurs as a result of vibration. As the folds come together and move apart, they allow for breathing and sound production.

4. The Diaphragm We use the abdominal muscles for support.
As we sing, the diaphragm gradually lifts, pushing air up and out of the lungs as the tone is produced.
Because the rib cage is kept high and wide, the diaphragm will lift gradually and we have better control of the breath.
Think of your rib cage as an accordion, keeping it expanded, rather than squeezed together.

5. Exercises 1 and 2
We use chest/torso muscles when we stand/sit up – but for these exercises, we want to use every possible muscle for controlled breathing!
Exercise # 1
Lie down on the floor on your back and take a deep breath in – remember to use your diaphragm! (Your chest/stomach should go out as they fill up, not your shoulders hunching up.)
Hold the breath for a few seconds then let it go. Repeat.
Exercise #2
HA! – expel all the air out of your lungs in one “pop” by saying “ha!”. This should get louder as it’s repeated and whenever anyone is talking too quietly in the future, remember how loud they got with this!
Hiss it out – hiss for as long as possible, until you’re all out of air
Ahhh – a variation on the hiss, again held until you’re out of air. This is usually faster than the hiss.
Count it out – a steady count as a group for as long as people can on just one breath. Make sure the numbers are strongly projected to use a good amount of air each time.

6. Tongue Twisters vs. Patter Song
The patter song is characterized by a moderately fast to very fast tempo with a rapid succession of rhythmic patterns in which each syllable of text corresponds to one note.
a sequence of words or sounds, typically of an alliterative kind, that are difficult to pronounce quickly and correctly, as, for example, tie twine to three tree twigs.

7. Tongue Twisters The lips, the teeth, the tip of the tongue,
the tip of the tongue, the teeth, the lips.
A box of biscuits, A box of mixed biscuits, And a biscuit mixer
Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascals ran
What a to-do to die today, at a minute or two to two;
A thing distinctly hard to say, but harder still to do.
For they'll beat a tattoo, at twenty to two
A rat-tat-tat- tat-tat-tat- tat-tat-tattoo
And a dragon will come when he hears the drum,
At a minute or two to two today, at a minute or two to two.