1. Seminal vesicle (behind bladder)
Fig a
Seminal vesicle (behind bladder)
(Urinary bladder)
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Urethra
Erectile tissue of penis
Scrotum
Vas deferens
Epididymis
Testis

2. Epididymis Testis Scrotum
Fig b
(Urinary bladder)
(Urinary duct)
Seminal vesicle
(Rectum)
(Pubic bone)
Vas deferens
Erectile tissue
Ejaculatory duct
Prostate gland
Urethra
Penis
Bulbourethral gland
Glans
Vas deferens
Epididymis Testis Scrotum
Prepuce

3. Oviduct Ovaries Follicles Corpus luteum Uterine wall Uterus
Fig b
Oviduct
Ovaries
Follicles
Corpus luteum
Uterine wall
Uterus
Endometrium
Cervix
Vagina

4. Oviduct Ovary Uterus (Urinary bladder) (Rectum) (Pubic bone) Cervix
Fig a
Oviduct
Ovary
Uterus
(Urinary bladder)
(Rectum)
(Pubic bone)
Cervix
Urethra
Vagina
Shaft
Glans
Clitoris
Prepuce
Labia minora
Labia majora
Vaginal opening

5. Fig. 46-12a Epididymis Seminiferous tubule Testis
Cross section of seminiferous tubule
Primordial germ cell in embryo
Mitotic divisions
Sertoli cell nucleus
Spermatogonial stem cell 2n
Mitotic divisions
Spermatogonium 2n
Mitotic divisions
Primary spermatocyte 2n
Meiosis I
Lumen of seminiferous tubule
Secondary spermatocyte n n
Meiosis II
Neck
Spermatids (at two stages of differentiation)
Early spermatid n n n n
Tail
Midpiece
Head
Plasma membrane
Differentiation (Sertoli cells provide nutrients)
Mitochondria
Sperm n n n n
Nucleus
Acrosome

6. Cross section of seminiferous tubule Secondary spermatocyte
Fig b
Epididymis
Seminiferous tubule
Sertoli cell nucleus
Spermatogonium
Testis
Primary spermatocyte
Cross section of seminiferous tubule
Secondary spermatocyte
Spermatids (two stages)
Lumen of seminiferous tubule
Sperm

7. Primordial germ cell in embryo
Fig c
Primordial germ cell in embryo
Mitotic divisions
Spermatogonial stem cell 2n
Mitotic divisions
Spermatogonium 2n
Mitotic divisions
Primary spermatocyte 2n
Meiosis I
Secondary spermatocyte n n
Meiosis II
Early spermatid n n n n
Differentiation (Sertoli cells provide nutrients)
Sperm n n n n

8. Fig. 46-12d Neck Tail Midpiece Head Plasma membrane Mitochondria
Nucleus
Acrosome

9. Fig. 46-12e 2n 2n n n n n Ovary Primary oocyte within follicle
In embryo
Growing follicle
Primordial germ cell
Mitotic divisions 2n
Oogonium
Mitotic divisions
Primary oocyte (present at birth), arrested in prophase of meiosis I 2n
Mature follicle
Ruptured follicle
Completion of meiosis I and onset of meiosis II
First polar body n n
Secondary oocyte, arrested at metaphase of meiosis II
Ovulated secondary oocyte
Ovulation, sperm entry
Completion of meiosis II
Second polar body
Corpus luteum n n
Fertilized egg
Degenerating corpus luteum

10. Primary oocyte within follicle
Fig f
Ovary
Ruptured follicle
Primary oocyte within follicle
Ovulated secondary oocyte
Growing follicle
Corpus luteum
Mature follicle
Degenerating corpus luteum

11. Fig. 46-12g 2n 2n n n n n In embryo Primordial germ cell
Mitotic divisions 2n
Oogonium
Mitotic divisions
Primary oocyte (present at birth), arrested in prophase of meiosis I 2n
Completion of meiosis I and onset of meiosis II
First polar body n n
Secondary oocyte, arrested at metaphase of meiosis II
Ovulation, sperm entry
Completion of meiosis II
Second polar body n
Fertilized egg n

12. – – – Hypothalamus GnRH Anterior pituitary FSH LH Sertoli cells
Fig –
Hypothalamus
GnRH – –
Anterior pituitary
FSH LH
Negative feedback
Negative feedback
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
Inhibin
Spermatogenesis
Testosterone
Testis

13. Degenerating corpus luteum
Fig
(a)
Control by hypothalamus
Inhibited by combination of estradiol and progesterone
Hypothalamus –
Stimulated by high levels of estradiol 1
GnRH +
Anterior pituitary
Inhibited by low levels of estradiol – 2
FSH LH
(b)
Pituitary gonadotropins in blood 6 LH
FSH
FSH and LH stimulate follicle to grow
LH surge triggers ovulation 3
(c)
Ovarian cycle 7 8
Growing follicle
Maturing follicle
Corpus luteum
Degenerating corpus luteum
Follicular phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase
Estradiol secreted by growing follicle in increasing amounts
Progesterone and estradiol secreted by corpus luteum 4
(d)
Ovarian hormones in blood
Peak causes LH surge 5 10
Estradiol
Progesterone 9
Estradiol level very low
Progesterone and estra- diol promote thickening of endometrium
(e)
Uterine (menstrual) cycle
Endometrium
Menstrual flow phase Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Days | | | | | | | | 5 10 14 15 20 25 28

14. Degenerating corpus luteum
Fig a
(a)
Control by hypothalamus
Inhibited by combination of estradiol and progesterone
Hypothalamus –
Stimulated by high levels of estradiol
GnRH +
Anterior pituitary
Inhibited by low levels of estradiol –
FSH LH
(b)
Pituitary gonadotropins in blood LH
FSH
FSH and LH stimulate follicle to grow
LH surge triggers ovulation
(c)
Ovarian cycle
Corpus luteum
Degenerating corpus luteum
Growing follicle
Maturing follicle
Follicular phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase
Days | | | | | | | | 5 10 14 15 20 25 28

15. Ovarian hormones in blood Peak causes LH surge
Fig b
(d)
Ovarian hormones in blood
Peak causes LH surge
Estradiol
Progesterone
Estradiol level very low
Ovulation
Progesterone and estra- diol promote thickening of endometrium
(e)
Uterine (menstrual) cycle
Endometrium
Menstrual flow phase Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Days | | | | | | | | 5 10 14 15 20 25 28

16. The blastocyst implants
Fig 3
Cleavage
Cleavage continues 4
Ovary 2
Fertilization
Uterus
The blastocyst implants 5 1
Ovulation
Endometrium
(a) From ovulation to implantation
Endo- metrium
Inner cell mass
Cavity
Trophoblast
Blastocyst
(b) Implantation of blastocyst

17. Fig
Maternal arteries
Maternal veins
Placenta
Maternal portion of placenta
Umbilical cord
Chorionic villus, containing fetal capillaries
Fetal portion of placenta (chorion)
Maternal blood pools
Uterus
Umbilical arteries
Fetal arteriole
Fetal venule
Umbilical cord
Umbilical vein

18. Fig
(a) 5 weeks
(b) 14 weeks
(c) 20 weeks

19. Fig a
(a) 5 weeks

20. Fig b
(b) 14 weeks

21. Fig c
(c) 20 weeks

22. from fetus and mother’s posterior pituitary
Fig
Estradiol
Oxytocin +
from ovaries
from fetus and mother’s posterior pituitary
Induces oxytocin receptors on uterus
Positive feedback
Stimulates uterus to contract
Stimulates placenta to make +
Prostaglandins
Stimulate more contractions of uterus

23. Placenta Umbilical cord Uterus Cervix Dilation of the cervix 1
Fig
Placenta
Umbilical cord
Uterus
Cervix
Dilation of the cervix 1

24. Expulsion: delivery of the infant
Fig
Expulsion: delivery of the infant 2

25. Delivery of the placenta
Fig
Uterus
Placenta
(detaching)
Umbilical
cord
Delivery of the placenta 3

26. Expulsion: delivery of the infant
Fig
Placenta
Umbilical cord
Uterus
Cervix
Dilation of the cervix 1
Expulsion: delivery of the infant 2
Uterus
Placenta (detaching)
Umbilical cord
Delivery of the placenta 3

27. Fig. 46-20 Male Female Method Event Event Method Production of sperm
Production of primary oocytes
Vasectomy
Combination birth control pill (or injection, patch, or vaginal ring)
Sperm transport down male duct system
Oocyte development and ovulation
Abstinence
Abstinence
Condom
Female condom
Coitus interruptus (very high failure rate)
Sperm deposited in vagina
Capture of the oocyte by the oviduct
Tubal ligation
Spermicides; diaphragm; cervical cap; progestin alone (as minipill, implant, or injection)
Sperm movement through female reproductive tract
Transport of oocyte in oviduct
Meeting of sperm and oocyte in oviduct
Morning-after pill; intrauterine device (IUD)
Union of sperm and egg
Implantation of blastocyst in endometrium

28. Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis Oogenesis n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Fig. 46-UN1
Gametogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Primary spermatocyte
Primary oocyte 2n 2n n
Polar body
Secondary spermatocytes
Secondary oocyte n n n n n n n
Spermatids n n n n
Sperm n
Polar body
Fertilized egg n

29. Fig. 46-UN2