1. Performance Studies Ritual-Part II (pp.69-78) Spring 2007 DFL Steven Yang

2. The Pig-Killing Dancing  Aesthetic Drama vs. Social Drama.  fig 3.16 depicts what happens at a successful pig-killing celebration.  Finally, we often find that the motives of gathering blurred.

3. The Efficacy-Entertainment Dyad  Efficacy and entertainment forms poles of a continuum (see fig 3.17).  The purpose, context and function are important factors.  In fact, no performance is pure efficacy or pure entertainment.

4. Origins of Performance: if not Rituals, Then What?  Social Darwinism ’ s distortion.  The primitives are thought to be the origin of performance.  The discovery of Greek tragedies as primal rituals.  Medievalists traced the origins of Renaissance theatre to church ritual.

5. Changing Rituals or Inventing New Ones  With the change of social circumstances, rituals also change.  Roman Catholic Church ’ s reforms.  Rituals may also be invented, both by officials and by individuals.  If official rituals do not satisfy or are egregiously exclusive, new rituals will be invented.

6. Using Rituals in Theatre, Dance, and Music  Rituals can be applied into popular entertainments. Here are three models, each of which belongs to different area: 1. Dance: Ruth St. Dennis ’ s research on Indian Dancing. 2. Theatre: Jerzy Grotowski ’ s concept. 3. Music: Philip Glass ’ s ambition.  The reshaping of ritual materials into new “ originals work ” is widespread.