1. Rise of Bloody Mary
LO: to explain why Mary I was known as ‘bloody Mary’
Starter: If you were King or Queen, what would you want to be known as and why?

2. Tudor family tree Henry VII 1485–1509 Henry VIII 1509–47
Elizabeth of York
Arthur
-m-
Catherine of Aragon
-m1-
Henry VIII 1509–47
-m2-
Anne Boleyn
m3-
Jane Seymour
Margaret
-m-
James IV of Scotland
Louis XII of France
-m1-
Mary
-m2-
Duke of Suffolk
Henry Grey
-m-
Frances
Philip II of Spain
Mary I 1553–58
-m-
Elizabeth I 1558–1603
Edward VI 1547–53
Lady Jane Grey
Madeline of France
-m1-
James V of Scotland
-m2-
Mary of Guise
Anne of Cleves
-m4
Catherine Howard
Teaching Ideas
The family tree may be too detailed for the whiteboard, but could be printed out. Only English rulers have been highlighted, and the dates refer to dates of English rule. Due to space limitations, Scottish rulers’ dates aren’t included. James VI of Scotland/ James I of England is the first Stuart ruler.
-m5
Catherine Parr
-m6
Francis II of France
-m1-
Mary Queen of Scots
-m2-
Lord Darnley
m3-
Lord Bothwell
James V1 of Scotland/ I of England 1603–25
Tudor monarch Dates of reign

3. Edward VI

4. Edward VI
After Henry VIII died – his youngest child Edward became King
Edward was just 9 (1547)
Raised a protestant
Became ill (terminally) 1553 – a list of acceptable protestants were drawn up to replace him
He died of bronchopneumonia, leading to an infection, septicaemia and kidney failure
Edward named his cousin Lady Jane Grey

5. Lady Jane Grey

6. Lady Jane Grey
A great-granddaughter of Henry VII by his younger daughter Mary
PROBLEMS:
the First Succession Act (1533) and the Second Succession Act (1536) had left Prince Edward the only heir to the throne.
However, before Henry died the Third succession Act was passed naming Mary & Elizabeth the heir NOT Lady Jane
Lady Jane had broken the law & was executed

7. Mary Tudor was born on February18th,1516 at Greenwich Palace in London.

8. The young Mary. Mary was Henry VIII’s first child.
She was a pretty girl who was good at languages, science and music.
She was a good dancer and good at sewing too.
After his divorce from Catherine, Henry refused to let Mary stay with her mother.
She was kept apart from her mother for much of the time and rarely saw her father.

9. At 17 she had to become lady in waiting to Princess Elizabeth and she was not allowed to see her mother again.
She only came back to court when Jane Seymour persuaded Henry to allow it.

10. Mary had not been a very well child and this was to be a problem later in her life.
She became Queen at 37 and was determined to return England to the one true faith…Roman Catholic.

11. Mary marries Philip of Spain
Mary was pleased to marry Philip. He was handsome and a very powerful ROMAN CATHOLIC!
Philip was less pleased to marry Mary!
She was older than he had been led to believe, dressed badly and had no eyebrows!

12. Married life Mary loved her new husband. The English people did not.
Why do you think this was?
Mary rose every day at dawn and worked until midnight. She only saw her husband at meal times and in the evenings when she played the lute for him.
Soon Mary believed she was carrying the baby that would ensure her half sister Elizabeth would not inherit the throne.
Mary was wrong!

13. Married life
In fact this happened twice to Mary. She thought she was pregnant because she wanted it so badly. Doctors now believe that she had stomach cancer and this was what made her stomach swell up.
Philip left Mary for good this time to fight a war in France. He did not return.
He was cross that Mary had never made him King.
He felt humiliated that she had never had his son and heir.

14. Mary’s rule.
Mary was determined to return all her people to the true faith.
She believed she was saving their souls by insisting on this.
When they refused to change their ways she had them burnt at the stake.

15. Bloody Mary
It was these burnings at the stake which gave Mary the name by which she is still known today.
More than 300 people were burned at the stake during her reign for refusing to become Roman Catholic…..heresy.

16. The Counter Reformation in England - Restoration of Catholicism
In Mary's Favour:
Protestantism had only been the official religion in England for six years, Catholicism had been the official religion for hundreds of years before.
The Protestants had not received the support of the people when they tried to replace Mary with Jane Grey.
Many Protestant leaders had fled to Europe when she became Queen.
Against Mary:
Henry VIII had closed the monasteries and sold the land to nobles and courtiers.
 Mary was not married and at the age of 37 was almost beyond childbearing age.
Next in line to the throne was her sister Elizabeth, a Protestant. Although many Protestants had fled to Europe there were still many in England who would protest strongly against a return to Rome.

17. Does Mary Tudor deserve the nickname ‘Bloody Mary’? Why?

18. Why did Mary become Queen?
When Henry died in 1547 the main change had been the setting up of the Church of England with the monarch as its head. This replaced the Catholic Church which had the Pope as its head.
All of Henry’s children became monarchs because each of them died without leaving a child to follow them.
Henry’s children were:
Edward VI
son of Jane
Seymour
Mary I
daughter of
Catherine
of Aragon
Elizabeth I
daughter of
Anne Boleyn

19. Protestant Catholic Protestant
As each monarch came to the throne they changed the religion of England to their own.
Edward VI
Protestant
Mary I
Catholic
Elizabeth I
Protestant
Religion changed greatly each time the monarch changed, and those people who stuck to the old religion were called heretics. They lived in fear of their lives and many that were caught were burned at the stake.

20. Heretics were burnt in the reigns of all the Tudor monarchs
Heretics were burnt in the reigns of all the Tudor monarchs. Archbishop Thomas Cranmer was executed in Mary’s reign.
The Martyrs’ Memorial is dedicated to Cranmer, and two other Protestant leaders who were also executed.

21. This is a picture of the execution of a heretic.
Teaching Ideas:
It is helpful to provide students with a printed version of this picture for them to study up close. To help students to really visualise where they are in the scene you can get them to tear themselves a small piece of paper, about the size of their fingernail, in the shape of an oval. Next they draw a picture of their face onto this oval and place it over the face of the person they are going to be in the picture. Encourage students to go beyond simply what they can see to try and imagine the information the other senses might give them (the smell of burning flesh, jostling of the crowd, gasps of spectators etc).
Choose one of the people in the picture and describe the scene from their point of view. Include sights, smells, what you can hear and what you can feel.

22. The End
In April 1558, when Mary was 42, she became quite ill after realizing that she was not pregnant, for the second time.
She died in November without a child to succeed her.
Elizabeth, her half sister, and child of the woman who had replaced her mother in their father’s affections, now became the last Tudor monarch.

23. The Reign of Edward VI (1547-53)
Aim: to make England a Protestant country.
Edward VI’s policies:
monarch to be Head of the Church
new (English) prayer book to be used
priests allowed to marry
priests to dress simply
churches to be plain
statues of saints to be removed and destroyed
two heretics burned at the stake
holy days (holidays) ended
Protestant Lady Jane Grey made Edward’s heir.
Teaching Ideas:
It may be worthwhile getting students to copy down the aims and policies of the different Tudor rulers as this will enable them to complete the task at the end of this section more easily.

24. The Reign of Mary I ( )
Aim: to return England to the Catholic religion.
Mary I’s policies:
Lady Jane Grey executed
pope to become Head of the Church again
English prayer book banned
priests forbidden to marry
Protestant bishops to lose their jobs (800 leading Protestants leave Britain)
statues of saints and altars returned to churches
Mary married the Catholic King Philip II of Spain
about 280 Protestants burned at the stake
rebellion in Kent put down firmly
failed attempt to get land taken from the church by Henry returned.
Teaching Ideas:
Discussion/activities include =
1. Choose two policies of Edward and Mary that you think would annoy the most people in England at the time. Explain your choices.
2. Mary was welcomed at the start of her reign and yet news of her death was greeted with cheering and the ringing of church bells in London. Explain both of these reactions.
More information:
Lady Jane Grey has the dubious distinction of being the shortest reigning monarch in English history at just nine days. Some historians would not even include her in their list of monarchs.

25. The Reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Aim: to make England a Protestant country again and to heal religious differences to make the country stronger.
Elizabeth I’s policies:
monarch to be Head of the Church
priests to swear loyalty to the monarch
churches to be plain and simple
statues of saints removed and destroyed
Catholics able to avoid persecution if they swear loyalty to Elizabeth
five heretics burned at the stake
extreme Protestants kept in check.
Elizabeth’s policies were called the Elizabethan religious settlement.