1. The Rise of Mussolini in Italy By: Katie Galough and Jen Tripp Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)

2. Problems after WWI 460,000 soldiers killed Heavy debt Britain and France did not give Italy the land they promised Governments were all coalitions that couldn’t make decisions Rising unemployment led to unrest in cities

3. The Treaty of Versailles Italians believed that it treated them badly. Italy’s foreign Minister Orlando left before the conference ended, feeling humiliated.

4. What is fascism? A system of government with centralized authority under a dictator. Fascist glorified the state over individuals. Destructive to human rights. Usually involves terror, censorship, nationalism, and racism.

5. Benito Mussolini Mussolini created the first totalitarian state- one party dictator that controls every aspect of the lives of citizens

6. Mussolini gains power Mussolini set up a Fascist Party and promised to solve Italy’s problems Promised to rebuild Italy and recreate the Roman Empire Organized armed gangs called the “Blackshirts” Came to power in 1922 and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel to prevent a Communist Revolution in Italy

7. 1922 March on Rome to establish Mussolini and the Fascist Party as the most important party in Italy In 1921 the fascist parties in Italy joined together to form the Fascist Party Mussolini said this at a party conference: "Either the government will be given to us or will shall seize it by marching on Rome."

8. March on Rome, 1922

9. Propaganda postcard of Mussolini

10. Mussolini’s Execution Mussolini was taken prisoner by the partisans and was joined by his mistress, Clara Petacci. A few days later they were shot to death. In April of 1945, their bodies were hung at an Esso gas station along with the bodies of other fascist leaders. Mussolini and his mistress

11. 1)What were some of the problems that Italy faces after WWI? 2)Why did Italians feel betrayed by the Treaty of Versailles? 3)What is fascism, and how did Mussolini gain control of the Italian government? 4)How did Italy fare during WWII? 5)What happened to Mussolini? Questions

12. The The Soviet Union Under Stalin Russia

13. Joseph Stalin Stalin’s Five Year Plan -Economy under govt. control -Improving heavy industries, transportation, and increasing farm output Command economy- govt. made all basic economic decisions Collective farming- large farms operated by peasants. Stalin confiscated the lands of farmers and farmers who refused his reforms as "kulaks", a class of rich peasant.

14. Stalin This period of time in which although Russia’s economy was improving and starting to grow, there was massive oppression, censorship, death and propaganda that spread around the people. The cause of this was Stalin’s extreme control and need to stay in complete power.. The main way in which Stalin stayed in power was through terror, which worked out extremely well for him, because he used this terror to instill an obedience but also respect in the people - so even though they feared him, they still wanted him to be their leader

15. Terror Tactics The Great Purge Propaganda Censorship He made culture more Russian- Russification He use atheism to crush religion