1. Beyond 3G LTE Long Term Evolution

2. Agenda Cellular History Key Technologies 3GPP and LTE
Networks Architecture (GSM/GPRS/HSPA/LTE)
Comparison
Time Line of LTE

3. History 2007 3G+ 1G 2G 2.5G 3G Data Rate 900 MHz 1800 MHz Voice/Data
Fixed NetWorks
900 MHz
1800 MHz
Voice/Data
MHz
Voice, Camera
Tiny Internet
MHz
Smart Phone
Video, Internet…
900 MHz
Voice
1999
2005+

4. Wireless Access Evolution
Subscribers
Broadband
Network Simplification
Cost of Ownership
New Services
Efficiency
More Data Services required
Voice Quality
Portability
Capacity
Data Service
Coverage
Mobility 1G 2G 3G 4G
Voice
Broadband

5. FDMA, TDMA & CDMA FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Each user on a different frequency
A channel is a frequency
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
Each user on a different window period in time slot.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
Each user uses the same frequency all the time but mixed with different distinguished code patterns.

6. 1G 2G 2.5G 3G+ EDGE GPRS UMTS - WCDMA/HSDPA GSM TDMA Multimedia Analog
Packet Data
Digital Voice 1G 2G
2.5G
3G+
GSM
EDGE
GPRS
UMTS - WCDMA/HSDPA
TDMA
Data Transmission
Always-On Connectivity via Packet Data Technology
Improved Voice Quality
Voice
Super High Speed Data
Greater Network Capacity
Increased Capacity
2001

7. Cellular Generation First Generation (AMPS)
Few users , expensive , large size, and FM,FDMA
Second Generation (GSM)
Digital system, more user, improved to supply data (EDGE , GPRS). FDMA/TDMA ,GMSK
Third Generation (WCDMA)
Voice & data (CDMA),
improved to increase the speed 7Mbps(HSPDA).
WCDMA
Fourth Generation (LTE)
Super High Speed Data, Simple Network, Low Cost
OFDMA , 100 Mbps

8. Key Technologies

9. Fixed Wireless Industry
Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless Broadband Requirements
4G Air Interfaces
Wide Area
Mobile
MOBILE BROADBAND
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
HSPA
LTE
3GPP
802.16e
(Mobile WIMAX)
Mobile Industry
Coverage/Mobility
Metro Area
Nomadic
802.16a/d
(Fixed NLOS)
Fixed Wireless Industry
802.11n
(smart antennas)
802.11
Mesh extns.
802.16
(Fixed LOS)
DSL Experience
Local Area
Dial Up
Fixed
Data Rates (kbps)
802.11b/a/g
100,000 +
Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit

10. Goal of LTE/Converge Networks

11. How to achieve it ?

12. What is 3GPP? 3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project
It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations)
Japan
USA
These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional standards

13. Towards LTE

14. 3G Technologies Overview
3GPP : UMTS
Phase 1 (3GPP release 5) : HSDPA service,
Phase 2 (3GPP release 6):HSUPA Uplink high-speed data
Phase 3 :(3GPP release 7) HSPA+ Capacity Improvements in UL and DL, above 10 Mbps
Next-Generation Cellular System (in about 2010) (LTE) Release 8
100 Mbps DL and 50 Mbps UL full-mobility wide area coverage
1 Gbps low-mobility local area coverage

15. LTE Access LTE radio access Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA
OFDMA
LTE radio access
Downlink: OFDM
Uplink: SC-FDMA
Advanced antenna solutions
Diversity
Beam-forming
Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)
Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands
Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD TX
20 MHz
1.4 MHz

16. Architectures’
GSM Basic Blocks
GSM Voice Call
GSM Data Call
HSPA
LTE

17. GSM Architecture Overview
A GSM system is made up of three subsystems:
The mobile station (MS)
The Base station subsystem (BSS)
The Network and switching subsystem (NSS)
The interfaces defined between each of these sub systems include:
“A” interface between NSS and BSS
“Abis” interface between BSC and BTS (Within the BSS)
“Um” air interface between the BSS and the MS

18. GSM Voice Network BSC MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC OMO Only Voice Call
A subscriber
BSC
BTS
Only Voice Call
MSC
PSTN Fixed Network
BSC
BTS
B subscriber
HSCS
9.6 Kp/s
OMO

19. GSM Architecture
Abis Interface
Interface

20. GSM Voice and Data Call Architecture
Voice Calls Path
Data Calls Path
Packet Data14.4 Kp/s

21. 2G Towards 3G Networks 2G 3G IP networks Only PS Domain shown HLR PCRFGr Gx Gn Gn
GGSN
SGSN Gb Iu
Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects
BSC
RNC
Iur
BTS
Node B 2G 3G

22. HSPA (Higher Speed Packet Access)
IP networks
Only PS Domain shown
HLR/HSS Gi
PCRF Gr Gx Gn
GGSN
SGSN
Optimizing the 3G/HSPA payload plane for Broadband traffic Gb
Iu CP
Iu UP
10 Mb/s
BSC
RNC
Iur
BTS
Node B 2G 3G

23. LTE Architecture PA/DU Core & IMS PA/DU Radio OSS EPC
IP networks
HLR/HSS
HLR/HSS
SGi
”HLR/HSS”
PCRF
PCRF Gr
S6a
PDN GW
Serving GW
EPC S7 S4
PDN GW Serving GW
SGSN
SGSN
MME
MME S3
S11
S2a/b
”Mobility Server”
”Gateway”
S10 Gb
Iu CP
Iu UP
S1-MME
S1-U
PA/DU Radio
RBS
BSC
RNC
Iur
eNode B
eNodeB X2
BTS
Node B
Non-3GPP access 2G 3G
LTE
OSS

24. Main Nodes of LTE or EPC (Evolved Packet Core
· Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) - to provide connections for GERAN and UTRAN Networks
· Serving Gateway - to terminate the interface toward the 3GPP radio-access networks
· PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks
· Mobility Management Entity (MME) - to manage control plane context, authentication and authorization
· 3GPP anchor - to manage mobility for 2G/3G and LTE systems
· SAE anchor - to manage mobility for non 3GPP RATs
· Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

25. From 3GPP to LTE/SAE Non-3GPP access 2G 3G LTE IP networks
The PDN and Serving GW may be separate nodes in some scenarios (S5 in-between)
IP networks
Only PS Domain shown
HLR/HSS
SGi
PCRF Gr
S6a S7 S4
PDN GW Serving GW
SGSN
MME
S11
Non-3GPP access
S2a/b S3
S10 Gb
Iu CP
Iu UP
S1-MME
S1-U
BSC
RNC
Iur
eNodeB X2
BTS
Node B 2G 3G
LTE
PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks

26. LTE Architecture MME = Mobility Management EntityGb Iu
GERAN
UTRAN 3G 2G
LTE RAN
LTE
Non-3GPP
MME/ UPE
SGi
IP networks S3 S4
S5a S6 S7 S1 S2
”EVOLVED PACKET CORE”
MME = Mobility Management Entity
IASA = Inter-Access System Anchor
PCRF
HSS
SGSN
3GPP Anchor
SAE Anchor
S5b
IASA

27. Comparison with Speed 40-100Mbps Fiber like speed on mobile
True high-speed mobile data
Full-motion HD video anywhere
Stream any content
Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0 (Networking)
Triple play
EDGE
ADSL
EVDO-A
HSDPA
ADSL-2+
LTE
Fiber
Mbps

28. Comparison Cost
Spectral efficiency Better utilization of spectrum available
Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart Antenna For improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership
Increased Capacity Much higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery
Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service delivery Fewer nodes & interfaces (Node- B/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies
Connect to legacy cores Existing network asset investment protection
3GPP/2 Market traction Economy of scale $
UMTS rel.99 voice call cost
10%
LTE VoIP cost*
Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research
3GPP subscribers
85% market share

29. Compassion Responsive
10-5msec latency
Highly Responsive Multimedia
Improved user experience
Fast VoIP call set-up
Instantaneous web pages
Streaming fast buffering
Online mobile gaming
EDGE
ADSL
EVDO-A
HSDPA
ADSL-2+
LTE
Fiber

30. LTE Time Line

31. Mobile broadband speed evolution
LTE Evolution
LTE
HSPA Evolution
Key Messages;
The technologies are here
Mobile radio access technologies are already well capable of delivering a broadband experience
A well coordinated standardization ensures mass adoption & economies of scale
This is a global effort
Users have taken HSPA to their hearts since HSPA delivers true broadband
Today almost 40 ops offering user speeds of 7 Mbps
In Geneva at the WRC (October-November 2007) we measured over 6 Mbps while driving in a car, and close to 1.4 Mbps uplink at the convention center – which is better than common fixed broadband
HSPA is already here and has a steady roadmap and is future proof
Suppliers like Ericsson are committed to future development
Ericsson will release 28 Mbps end of 2008 going for 42 Mbps during 2009
We have already demoed 160 Mbps on LTE where commercial products will be released 2009
LTE is a natural evolution of HSPA and will coexist with HSPA for a long time – HSPA will be the broadband wide area coverage and LTE will provide capacity and speeds in densely populated regions when needed
Additional Information about HSPA & LTE
Ericsson conducted the world's first demonstration of end-to-end HSPA Evolution technology with speeds of up to 42 Mbps at CTIA Wireless 2008, held in Las Vegas from April 1 to 3
Speeds of up to 42 Mbps represent the next phase in HSPA Evolution. These speeds are achieved by combining new higher order modulation technology (64QAM), together with 2x2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology. The first step of the HSPA evolution will be introduced during 2008
Different terminal classes are being defined for LTE and it looks like around 150 Mbps will be one of the supported classes. (In our press releases we have communicated 160 Mbps for LTE.) And, it does not stop there. In the future, HSPA can achieve higher bit rates ( Mbps downlink and Mbps uplink with multicarrier solutions). Also LTE has an impressive speed evolution - it will easily reach >300 Mbps with 20 MHz spectrum, and with 100 MHz spectrum well over 1 Gbps can be achieved.
Interoperability GSM/HSPA/LTE
Since these technologies are all from the same family, handover and interoperability between GSM, HSPA and LTE will be secured, the user will thus never be out of coverage.
HSPA
3G- R’99
Target
Peak rate
384 kbps
3.6 Mbps
7/14 Mbps
21/28/42 Mbps
~150 Mbps
1 Gbps
2002
2005
2007
2008/2009
2009
2013

32. Thanks