1. Beyond 3G LTE/EPC (SAE ) LTE: Long Term Evolution SAE: System Architecture Evolution (Now EPC: Enhanced Packed Core)

2. Agenda Quick overview 3GPP / 3G Technologies Overview 4G Technologies
LTE/SAE Architecture
LTE/SAE Interfaces
LTE/SAE Protocols

3. What is 3GPP? 3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project
It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations)
Japan
USA
These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional standards
ITU references the regional standards

4. 3G Technologies Overview
3GPP : UMTS
Phase 1 (3GPP release 5) : HSDPA service, upto 10 Mbps
Phase 2 : Uplink high-speed data, high-speed access for TDD
Phase 3 : Capacity Improvements in UL and DL, above 10 Mbps
3GPP2 : cdma2000
CDMA2000 1x : upto 144 Kbps
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
high rate packet data (HRPD) service, separate carrier for data only
upto 2.4 Mbps on the downlink, 153 Kbps on the uplink
CDMA2000 1xEV-DV
All-IP architecture for radio access and core network, upto 3 Mbps
Next-Generation Cellular System (in about 2010)
100 Mbps full-mobility wide area coverage
1 Gbps low-mobility local area coverage

5. Introduction To 4G
4G is term of Fourth-Generation Communications System.
End-to-end IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be served to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at higher data rates than previous generations.
Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services.
Limitation to meet expectations of applications like multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing

6. - cont’d High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.
Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.
Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements
Better scheduling and call admission control techniques.
Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.

7. Why Move Towards 4G? Wider Bandwidth
Difficult to move and interoperate due to different standards hampering global mobility and service portability
Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’; need a new integrated network
Limitations in applying recent advances in spectrally more efficient modulation schemes
Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP and converged video and data

8. Where Do We Want to Go? Seamless Roaming
Integrated “standard” Networks
Mobile Intelligent Internet
Onwards to (Ultra) Wideband Wireless IP Networks

9. -cont’d
HSPA is the first progressive step toward delivering ‘triple play’ (telephony, broadband and TV) in a mobile broadband environment
Likely acceptance of mobile broadband and mobile triple play will raise the need for evolved UMTS; therefore it is vital that operators ensure the long term evolution of 3G infrastructure
The 3GPP RAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) task force was created at end 2004, notably considering the ‘Super 3G’ proposal of NTT DoCoMo
The proposed RAN architecture, placing increasing functionality within the NodeB, will be based on IP routing with existing 3G spectrum, providing speeds up to 100 Mbps by using channel – transmission bandwidth between 1.25MHz and 20MHz
3GPP Evolved UMTS specifications should target availability of commercial products around

10. 4G Networks Advances Seamless mobility (roaming)
Roam freely from one standard to another
Integrate different modes of wireless communications – indoor networks (e.g., wireless LANs and Bluetooth); cellular signals; radio and TV; satellite communications
100 Mb/se full mobility (wide area); 1 Gbit/s low mobility (local area)
IP-based communications systems for integrated voice, data, and video
IP RAN
Open unified standards
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
Successor to “SS7”; replacement for TCP
Maintain several data streams within a single connection
Service Location Protocol (SLP)
Automatic resource discovery
Make all networked resources dynamically configurable through IP-based service and directory agents

11. 3G To 4G Transition 3.5 G 4G Evolved radio Interface
IP based core network 4G
New Air Interface
Very high bit rate services
Convergence of Wireline, Wireless, and IP worlds

12. 4G Vision

13. 3G Evolution and Vision 3G Beyond 3G 3G Evolution Long Term Vision
Time
All-IP
Network
Long Term Vision
3G Evolution
Long Term Vision
Time
Present
Network
IP based
MM network
All-IP
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 0
Phase 3
AN first evolution path
CN first evolution path
Evolution Phase
3G Evolution
( Evolution to 3G )
Long Term Vision
(B3G)

14. 4G Vision

15. 4G Vision
4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks wired and wireless networks (e.g.: computer, consumer electronics, communication technology…)
Providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments
End-to-end quality of service
High security
Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere
Affordable cost and one billing

16. Wireless Access Evolution
Subscribers
Broadband
Network Simplification
Cost of Ownership
Broadband
New Services
Efficiency
Voice Quality
Portability
Capacity
Coverage
Mobility 1G 2G 3G 4G
Voice
Broadband

17. Fixed Wireless Industry
Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless Broadband Requirements
4G Air Interfaces
CDMA
2000-1X
HRPDA 1x
EVDO
1x EVDV
Rel. C
Rel. D
Wide Area
Mobile
3GPP2
MOBILE BROADBAND
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
HSPA
LTE
3GPP
802.16e
(Mobile WIMAX)
Mobile Industry
Coverage/Mobility
Metro Area
Nomadic
802.16a/d
(Fixed NLOS)
Fixed Wireless Industry
802.11n
(smart antennas)
802.11
Mesh extns.
802.16
(Fixed LOS)
Dial Up
DSL Experience
Local Area
Fixed
Data Rates (kbps)
802.11b/a/g
100,000 +
Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit

18. Intro To LTE
studied and developed in 3GPP is an evolution of 3G into an evolved radio access referred to as the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and an evolved packet access core network in the System Architecture Evolution (SAE).
4G Technology
Broadband Wireless
Triple Play (Voice, Video & Data)
All IP-Network
Integrated Technology
True high-speed mobile data
Full-motion HD video anywhere
Stream any content
Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0
Common core for all access technology
Centralized IMS services Common applications across access technology
Spectrum flexibility 1.25 to 20MHz for re-use in existing spectrum
End-2-End QoS Allow prioritization of different class of service
All-IP vision: base stations become an access router

19. 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)
3GPP (LTE) is Adopting:
OFDMA in DL with 64QAM
All IP e2e Network
Channel BWs up to 20 MHz
Both TDD and FDD profiles
Flexible Access Network
Advanced Antenna Technologies
UL: Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), (64QAM optional)
4 x Increased Spectral Efficiency, 10 x Users Per Cell

20. LTE (Long Term Evaluation)
Supply Bandwidths from MHz Subcarriers spacing 15kHz. Bit rate up to 100Mbps, and by using MIMO the speed should reach 350Mbps ! SC-FDMA for U.L. & OFDM for D.L.

21. 3G Evolution LTE / SAE Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution)
Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency
Simplification of the radio network
Efficient support of packet based services: MBMS, IMS, etc.
Evolved-UTRA The air interface, Evolved-UTRA (E-UTRA) is used by UMTS operators in deploying their own wireless networks. The E-UTRA system uses OFDMA for the downlink and Single Carrier FDMA for the uplink. It uses MIMO with a maximum of four antennas per station.
Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution)
Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput
Simplification of the core network
Optimization for IP traffic and services
Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies

22. Faster 40-100Mbps Fiber like speed on mobile
True high-speed mobile data
Full-motion HD video anywhere
Stream any content
Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0
Quadruple play
Faster access
Instantaneous web pages
EDGE
ADSL
EVDO-A
HSDPA
ADSL-2+
LTE
Fiber
Mbps

23. Lower Cost
Spectral efficiency Better utilization of spectrum available
Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart Antenna For improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership
Increased Capacity Much higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery
Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service delivery Fewer nodes & interfaces (Node- B/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies
Connect to legacy cores Existing network asset investment protection
3GPP/2 Market traction Economy of scale $
UMTS rel.99 voice call cost
10%
LTE VoIP cost*
Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research
3GPP subscribers
85% market share

24. More Responsive 10-5msec latency Improved user experience
Highly Responsive Multimedia
Improved user experience
Fast VoIP call set-up
Instantaneous web pages
Streaming fast buffering
Online mobile gaming
EDGE
ADSL
EVDO-A
HSDPA
ADSL-2+
LTE
Fiber

25. LTE Key agreements 2 main issues have been investigated:
The physical layer
The access network internal architecture
Physical layer
Downlink based on OFDMA
OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc
Uplink based on SC-FDMA
SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices
(battery power considerations)
For both FDD and TDD modes (User Equipment to support both)
With Similar framing + an option for TD SCDMA framing also
Access Network consideration
For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which minimized the number of nodes

26. Expectations for 3GPP Evolution
End User
Ubiquitous mobile access
Easy access to applications & services
Appropriate quality at reasonable cost
Long battery life
Enhanced security
Network Operators
QoS and security management
Flexibility in network configuration
Reduced cost of equipment
Maximized usage and sharing capabilities
Single authentication
Manufacturer/Application Developer
Access to global market
Programmable platforms
A number of drivers have been identified for the evolution of the 3GPP system.
These drivers can be categorised as expectations coming from a number of different “Stakeholders”, in that each Stakeholder has its own expectations of what evolution will deliver.
The followings give a summary of the stakeholders and their expectations.
It is recognised that new services/functions shall provide new streams of revenue.

27. 3G Long Term Evolution RAN CN Long term target peak data rates
Up to 100 Mbps in full mobility, wide area deployments
Up to 1 Gbps in low mobility, local area deployments
Long term spectral efficiency target:
In a single (isolated) cell, up to 5-10 bps/Hz
In a multi-cellular case, up to 2-3 bps/Hz
Reaching the peak data rate targets
by gradual evolution of existing 3GPP (UTRAN) and alternate access means
(e.g. WLAN)
by new access techniques CN
Seamless integrated network
Broadband and multiple bearer service capability
Interworking between 3GPP mobile network and other networks
Ad-hoc networking approach
RAN
The following reflect a vision of longer evolution of the 3GPP radio access system.
New & adaptive radio access techniques. Higher data rates in multi-user and multi-cell environments, with target data rates up to 100 Mbps for high mobility and up to 1 Gbps for low mobility
Efficient and effective use of spectrum. Spectral efficiency target is up to 5-10 bps/Hz in a single cell and up to 2-3 bps/Hz in a multi-cellular case.
This objects will be accomplished through gradual evolution of existing 3GPP and alternative access means or by new techniques. CN
The following reflect a vision of longer evolution of the 3GPP core network system.
A seamless integrated network comprising a variety of networking access systems connected to a common IP based network
Broadband and multiple bearer service capability
Interworking between 3GPP mobile network and other networks
Ad-hoc networking approach

28. 3GPP LTE and SAE Goal of LTE Targets:
Significantly increased peak data rates, scaled linearly according to spectrum allocation
Targets:
Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100Mbit/s in a 20MHz downlink spectrum (i.e. 5 bit/s/Hz)
Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50Mbit/s in a 20MHz uplink spectrum (i.e. 2.5 bit/s/Hz)

29. 3GPP LTE and SAE In the Core network:
The LTE effort to meet the technical and performance requirements requires a reduction in the number of network nodes involved in data processing and transport. This has resulted in new System Architecture Evolution (SAE) which becomes the core network architecture of 3GPP's future LTE wireless communication standard.
Services are provided by IMS core
One node to provide the SGSN and GGSN functionality
Mobility Management Entity and User Plan Entity might be collocated in the Access Gateway entity but this is still an open point
Full architecture provided with two nodes IMS

30. 3GPP LTE and SAE SAE focus is on:
enhancement of Packet Switched technology to cope with rapid growth in IP traffic
higher data rates
lower latency
packet optimised system
through
fully IP network
simplified network architecture
distributed control

31. Evolved LTE/SAE ArchitectureGb Iu
GERAN
UTRAN 3G 2G
LTE RAN
LTE
Non-3GPP
MME/ UPE
SGi
IP networks S3 S4
S5a S6 S7 S1 S2
”EVOLVED PACKET CORE”
MME = Mobility Management Entity
UPE = User Plane Entity
IASA = Inter-Access System Anchor
PCRF
HSS
SGSN
3GPP Anchor
SAE Anchor
S5b
IASA

32. LTE Architecture Evolved Packet Core
MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity
eNB = eNodeB

33. eUTRAN (LTE) interfaces Logical view
eUTRAN (LTE) interfaces Logical view
MME/GW
S1-C X2
eNode B
Evolved
Packet
Core
Evolved
UTRAN
MME: Mobility Management Entity
GW: GateWay
The logical interface from the eNode B to the core network is called S1 and the logical interface between eNode Bs is called X2. The RNC that is used in WCDMA does not exist in LTE. Some of the functionality is moved to the eNode B and other functionality is moved to the core network.
168/ FGB Uen Rev A
168/ FGB Uen Rev B168/ FGB Uen Rev A 33 33

34. Key LTE radio access features
Downlink: OFDM
Uplink: SC-FDMA
Advanced antenna solutions
Diversity
Beam-forming
Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)
Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands
Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD
SC-FDMA
OFDMA TX
20 MHz
1.4 MHz

35. 3GPP LTE and SAE System Architecture Evolution
Looking at the implications for the overall architecture resulting from:
3GPP’s (Radio Access Network) LTE work
3GPP All-IP Network specification (TS22.978)
the need to support mobility between heterogeneous access networks

36. 3GPP LTE and SAE SAE architecture
MME – Mobility Management Entity UPE – User Plane Entity
AS – Access System
Red indicates new functional element / interface

37. SAE Componenets
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) - to provide connections for GERAN and UTRAN Networks
Serving Gateway - to terminate the interface toward the 3GPP radio-access networks
PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks
Mobility Management Entity (MME) - to manage control plane context, authentication and authorization
User Plane Entity (UPE) - to manage user contexts, ciphering, packet routing and forwarding, and mobility
3GPP anchor - to manage mobility for 2G/3G and LTE systems
SAE anchor - to manage mobility for non 3GPP RATs
Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

38. Interfaces
S1-MME: The S1-MME interface provides the control plane protocol between the LTE RAN and MME.
S1-U: The S1-U interface provides a per bearer user plane tunneling between the LTE RAN and Serving GW. It contains support for path switching during handover between eNodeBs. S1-U is based on the GTP-U protocol that is also used for Iu user plane in the Rel-7 architecture.
S3: The S3 interface enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and/or active state. It is based on the GTP protocol and the Gn interface as defined between SGSNs.
S4: The S4 interface provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor function of Serving GW and is based on the GTP protocol and the Gn reference point as defined between SGSN and GGSN.
S5: The S5 interface provides user plane tunneling and tunnel management between Serving GW and PDN GW. It is used for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility, and if the Serving GW needs to connect to a non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity. There are two variants of the S5 interface, one based on the GTP protocol and one IETF variant based on Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP).

39. Interfaces contd.
S6a: The S6a interface enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the evolved system (AAA interface) between MME and HSS.
S7: The S7 interface provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the PDN GW. The interface is based on the Gx interface.
S8a: The S8a interface is the roaming interface in case of roaming with home routed traffic. It provides user plane with related control between the Serving GW in the VPLMN and the PDN GW in the HPLMN. It is based on the GTP protocol and the Gp interface as defined between SGSN and GGSN. S8a is a variant of S5 for the roaming (inter-PLMN) case. There is also an IETF variant of called S8b that is based on Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP).
S10: The S10 interface between MMEs provides MME relocation and MME to MME information transfer.
S11: The S11 interface is the interface between MME and Serving GW.
SGi: The SGi interface is the interface between the PDN GW and the packet data network. Packet data network may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, e.g. for provision of IMS services. This interface corresponds to Gi and Wi interfaces and support any 3GPP or non-3GPP access.

40. OFDM Characteristics High peak-to-average power levels
Preservation of orthogonally in severe multi-path
Efficient FFT based receiver structures
Enables efficient TX and RX diversity
Adaptive antenna arrays without joint equalization
Support for adaptive modulation by sub-carrier
Frequency diversity
Robust against narrow-band interference
Efficient for simulcasting
Variable/dynamic bandwidth
Used for highest speed applications
Supports dynamic packet access

41. Traditional FDM Signal and OFDM
Ch.1
Ch.2
Ch.3
Ch.4
Ch.5
Ch.6
Ch.7
Ch.8
Ch.9
Ch.10
Conventional multicarrier techniques
Orthogonal multicarrier techniques OFDM
50% bandwidth saving
frequency A B

42. OFDMA Symbol Structure
The OFDMA symbol structure consists of three types of sub-carriers as shown in Figure.
Data sub-carriers for data transmission
Pilot sub-carriers for estimation and synchronization purposes
Null sub-carriers for no transmission: DC carriers 42

43. All Sub carrier need to Orthogonal

44. Multiple Access Method
Duplexing Technique
FDD/TDD
Multiple Access Method
TDMA/OFDMA
OFDM Symbols allocated by TDMA
Sub-Carriers within an OFDM Symbol allocated by OFDMA
Diversity
Frequency, Time, Code (CPE and BS), Space Time Coding, Antenna Array

45. Duplexing - Principles
FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing ) Uses One Frequency for the DownLink, and a Second Frequency for the UpLink.
TDD (time Division Duplexing) Uses the same frequency for the Downlink and the Uplink.
In any configuration the access method is OFDMA/TDMA .

46. LTE Time Line

47. LTE/SAE Technology Life Cycle
LTE (Long Term Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for radio access technology.
SAE (System Architecture Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for core network.
LTE and SAE have been approached independently, however by enhancing each other, they are no more separable today.
2006
2007
2009
2010
2015
2008
Initial study completed
Standard aimed to be finalized
Trial start
Commercial deployment start
Year
Mass deployment
Standard aimed to be developed
Source: 3GPP &UMTS-Forum

48. Mobile broadband speed evolution
Other
CDMA
Mobile WiMAX
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
WCDMA
HSPA
LTE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
Reported Subscriptions (million)
LTE Evolution
LTE
HSPA Evolution
Key Messages;
The technologies are here
Mobile radio access technologies are already well capable of delivering a broadband experience
A well coordinated standardization ensures mass adoption & economies of scale
This is a global effort
Users have taken HSPA to their hearts since HSPA delivers true broadband
Today almost 40 ops offering user speeds of 7 Mbps
In Geneva at the WRC (October-November 2007) we measured over 6 Mbps while driving in a car, and close to 1.4 Mbps uplink at the convention center – which is better than common fixed broadband
HSPA is already here and has a steady roadmap and is future proof
Suppliers like Ericsson are committed to future development
Ericsson will release 28 Mbps end of 2008 going for 42 Mbps during 2009
We have already demoed 160 Mbps on LTE where commercial products will be released 2009
LTE is a natural evolution of HSPA and will coexist with HSPA for a long time – HSPA will be the broadband wide area coverage and LTE will provide capacity and speeds in densely populated regions when needed
Additional Information about HSPA & LTE
Ericsson conducted the world's first demonstration of end-to-end HSPA Evolution technology with speeds of up to 42 Mbps at CTIA Wireless 2008, held in Las Vegas from April 1 to 3
Speeds of up to 42 Mbps represent the next phase in HSPA Evolution. These speeds are achieved by combining new higher order modulation technology (64QAM), together with 2x2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology. The first step of the HSPA evolution will be introduced during 2008
Different terminal classes are being defined for LTE and it looks like around 150 Mbps will be one of the supported classes. (In our press releases we have communicated 160 Mbps for LTE.) And, it does not stop there. In the future, HSPA can achieve higher bit rates ( Mbps downlink and Mbps uplink with multicarrier solutions). Also LTE has an impressive speed evolution - it will easily reach >300 Mbps with 20 MHz spectrum, and with 100 MHz spectrum well over 1 Gbps can be achieved.
Interoperability GSM/HSPA/LTE
Since these technologies are all from the same family, handover and interoperability between GSM, HSPA and LTE will be secured, the user will thus never be out of coverage.
HSPA
3G- R’99
Target
Peak rate
384 kbps
3.6 Mbps
7/14 Mbps
21/28/42 Mbps
~150 Mbps
1 Gbps
2002
2005
2007
2008/2009
2009
2013

49. Wireless Broadband Main vendor strategies
HSPA
LTE
EV-DO
UMB
Mobile WiMAX
Ericsson focuses on developing the WCDMA offering with higher and higher speeds of HSPA as a natural evolution development towards LTE
In this strategy, Ericsson stands alone, as the rest of the competition is more focusing on all technologies incl. Wimax, and further development of CDMA, EV-DO and in long run UMB.
The market have so far shown an increased interest in LTE, with giant operators, such as Verizon, who runs a CDMA network today, KDDI, AT&T and Vfe.
Ericsson
Strongest vendor on HSPA with the largest market share
Focusing entirely on LTE, the natural evolution path for GSM/UMTS/HSPA and benefiting from economy of scale
A major standardization driver and technology leader
Alcatel-Lucent
Develop products for all technologies
Multi-Radio technology. Embraces all main technologies in it’s roadmap.
Currently developing a CDMA base station that is upgradable to UMB
Purchased Nortel UMTS business in 2006
WCDMA and HSPA market share is small.
Strong on mobile WiMAX and CDMA.
Huawei
Claims to be technology agnostic. Main focus is on HSPA and LTE followed by UMB, as they are a large CDMA supplier. Weaker on WiMAX. Plans to have a base station that works with all standards in 2010
Motorola
Wimax centric
More focus mobile WiMAX, with a good position
At CTIA 2007 it unveiled the IP based UBS (Universal Base Station) for CDMA that can also support both UMB and LTE in the future. However, Motorola’s position in mobile infrastructure is weak. Cooperation with Huawei for WCDMA/HSPA.
Nortel
Create a 4G Ecosystem, new start!
Technology driven , OFDM
High focus on OFDM as the technology for 4G (LTE, Wimax and UMB)
Believes in various technologies converge. It has conducted live demonstrations for all main technologies.
Same base station for all technologies
Nortel has a leap frog strategy on WCDMA. It has sold out it’s WCDMA division to Alcatel-Lucent
NSN
Main focus on HSPA and LTE like Ericsson
Nokia is weak in there HSPA implementation, one year behind Ericsson. Defined an proprietary step between HSPA and LTE called iHSPA. iHSPA has limited performance on the radio due to absence of soft handover, no market take off so far. NSN is using marketing to shift customer focus from its weak position by strongly push I-HSPA and HSUPA
Cautiously supporting WiMAX and works on establishing a Mobile WiMAX business. Depending on the development with Sprint as they are a selected vendor
NSN works on flat architecture to target CDMA2000 market with LTE/SAE
Cisco
Might get into the race with Wimax
Interested in 3G femto market
After officially not supporting WiMAX since 2004, Cisco entered the Mobile WiMAX market with the acquisition of Navini Networks in October 2007
Cisco now has an end-to-end WiMAX solution which will be targeted at emerging markets.
Cooperation with Huawei
Sold to ALU 2006
Support
Focus

50. Thank You For Your Passion Q & A