2.  We observe when we use one or more of our senses to find out about objects, events, or living things. An observation is a fact learned directly through the senses.  Describe what you can observe about an apple using the following senses: 1. Sight: _____________________________________ 2. Smell:_____________________________________ 3. Tough:____________________________________ 4. Hearing:___________________________________ 5. Taste:_____________________________________

3.  We classify when we use observations to sort objects or events according to similarities and differences.  Binary Classification: classifying into 2 groups.  Your aunt brings you a basket of apples. Give examples of how you could sort them using binary classifications ___________________/NOT_____________________

4.  We define operationally when we write a definition of an object or event based on our experiences with it. It is a doing definition.  Let’s go outside and try writing our own:

5.  Finding the size, distance, time, volume, area, mass, weight, or temperature of an object.  We mostly use the metric system. A thermometer measures temperature (Celsius and Fahrenheit) Pan Scale is used to measure mass and/or weight. standard= grams non-standard= paperclips Graduated Cylinder is used to measure volume. (milliliters (mL) Metric ruler is used to measure length, height, and width. Measuring tape is used when measuring circumference.

6. Mass/Weight ( how heavy it is) Mass= the amount of matter in an object Weight= the amount of gravitational force pushing down on an object Tool Used: Pan Scale How: 1. Put the blocks in one of the pans 2. Start putting weights in the other pan using the lightest weights first. 3. Adjust the scale until both sided are balanced 4. Add the grams to see how much mass is in the blocks. Mass of your apple: _______g

7. Circumference (distance around) Tool Used: Measuring Tape How: 1. Put the zero edge against the widest side of the apple and hold it there. 2. Wrap the tape around the apple until it reaches the zero. 3. Read the number that is touching zero. That is the circumference of the apple. Circumference of your apple: ________ in ________cm

8. Volume (how much space it takes up) Tool Used: Graduated Cylinder How: 1. Put 500mL of water in a graduated cylinder larger than the apple. 2. Carefully lower the apple into the cylinder and gently push it below the water. 3. Read the new water level. 4. Subtract 500 (the starting water level) from the new number. That is the volume in mL of the apple. ₃ Volume: _____mL Show your work here: -500

9.  Inferring: Using information from observations and past experiences to suggest reasons or explanations for objects or events.  Predicting: Possible outcome of an event based on observations and inferences. EX) Nick wore his red hat four times this week. Nick will wear his red hat tomorrow. ____________ Nick likes his red hat. ______________

10.  Scientific Method – a set of steps you use to answer a scientific question.  You will not always use the steps in the same order, but the method always starts in the same way…

11.  When you use your five senses to gather information, you are making an observation, or observing.  We use our senses all the time.  Our observations cause us to ask questions.

12. 1. Problem: The question to be answered. 2. Research: Gathering information about the problem and plan the experiment. 3. Hypothesis: An educated guess about the outcome of the experiment. 4. Experiment: Investigate the problem by testing the hypothesis and prove/disprove data. 5. Analysis: Analyze and record your data. What did you find to be true? 6. Conclusion: Draw a conclusion based on your results? Was your hypothesis proved or disproved? 7. Application: So What? How can I use this in my life?

13.  When setting up an experiment, variables can be controlled or changed to affect the outcome.

14. Controlled Variables: These variables are the same for all trials in an experiment. Examples are using the same tools, and the same materials for each trial. Independent Variables: It is the one and only thing that you do differently (or change) trial to trial. You want to see if the one change makes a difference. Dependent Variables: It is what happens when you make a change in the independent variables.

15. In class, we investigated how the length of a straw affected the pitch of the sound produced when we blew across a set of straws. Identify the following variables for this investigation. Independent Variable: The __________ of the straw. Dependent Variable: The __________ of sound. Controlled Variable: The __________ of straw and blowing across the straws.

16. Based on our analysis of the results, what can you conclude about the relationship between the length of a tube and the sound produced?  The shorter the tube, the __________the pitch.  The longer the tube, the __________ the pitch.  Based on your conclusions, what can you infer about the pitches of a flute and a tuba? The flute is ____________ than a tuba, so it must have a __________ pitch. The tuba has a __________ tube, so it must have a ___________ pitch.