2. Chapter 2 Section 4

3.  Protestant Reformation Martin Luther –  sola scriptura, sola fida (only scripture can give right instruction and only faith can save)  Everyone had the right to read the Bible for themselves  Every leader (later person) had the right to choose their own faith

4. Martin Luther

5.  Protestant Reformation Martin Luther – sola scriptura, sola fida; only scripture can give right instruction and only faith can save John Calvin – idea that good works insured salvation, believed God already knew the saved Henry VIII – formed the Anglican church in order to get an annulment that the Pope would not grant  In the Americas French and Spanish Colonies = Catholic Dutch and English Colonies = Protestant

6.  Mercantilism – theory that a nation’s power increases with its wealth Increased trade and rivalries  Columbian Exchange – the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases that altered life on both sides of the Atlantic  Northwest Passage – hope to find a route to Asia to the north of the new continent John Cabot – Italian sent by England, found Newfoundland Giovanni da Verranzo – Italian sent by France explored the coast of Nova Scotia to the Carolinas Jacques Cartier – French explorer who saw a massive mountain and called in Mont-Royal (Montreal) Henry Hudson – English sailor hired by the Netherlands, sent a second time by England, discovered a bay while traveling down a massive river (Hudson River, Hudson Bay)

7.  French in Americas = a place to trade Furs and Fishing Coureurs de bois – name for trappers; means “runners of the woods”  Samuel de Champlain – established Quebec in modern day Canada for France  New Netherland – Dutch trading colony Fort Orange – fort on the River (Albany today) New Amsterdam – center of the new Dutch colony