1. Key Terms Skin Cancer: the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer Moles: growths on the skin that are usually brown or black. – Moles can appear anywhere on the skin, alone or in groups. Melanoma: The most dangerous form of skin cancer – These cancerous growths develop when unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells (most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning beds) triggers mutations that lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors

2. Key Terms Basal cell carcinoma: the most common type of skin cancer. It rarely metastasizes (spreads) Squamous cell carcinoma: another form of skin cancer Biopsy: the removal of a small piece of tissue for laboratory examination Metastasis: the spread of a disease from one organ or part to another

3. How Tanning Happens The sun's rays contain two types of ultraviolet radiation that reach your skin: UVA and UVB. UVB radiation burns the upper layers of skin, causing sunburns. UVA radiation is what makes people tan. UVA rays penetrate to the lower layers of the skin to produce melanin. Melanin is the brown pigment that causes tanning.

4. How Tanning Happens Melanin is the body's way of protecting skin from burning. Darker-skinned people tan more deeply than lighter-skinned people because they produce more melanin. Just because a person doesn't burn does not mean that he or she is also protected against skin cancer and other problems.

5. Do African Americans need to wear sunscreen? The answer is YES!

6. UVA rays Make you tan, but they can also cause serious damage. Penetrate deep into the skin, where blood vessels and nerves are found. Can damage the immune system, making it harder to fight off diseases and leading to illnesses like melanoma – the most serious (and deadly) type of skin cancer Melanoma can kill. If it's not found and treated, it can quickly spread from the skin to the body's other organs.

7. Skin Cancer Skin cancer is an epidemic in the United States More than 1 million new cases diagnosed annually In the past, melanoma mostly affected people in their fifties or older, but today dermatologists see patients in their twenties and even late teens with this type of cancer.

8. UVB rays Doctors believe UVB rays play a role in the development of melanoma. That's because a sunburn or intense sun exposure may increase a person's chances of developing this deadly cancer. Exposure to UVB rays also increases your risk of getting two other types of skin cancer: – Basal Cell Carcinoma – Squamous Cell Carcinoma

9. Treatment The main treatment for skin cancers is excision Cutting the tumors out. Since many basal or squamous cell carcinomas are on the face and neck, surgery to remove them can leave people with facial scars. The scars from surgery to remove melanomas can be anywhere on the body, and they're often large.

10. Helpful Tips Wear sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 every day Even on cloudy days and when you don't plan on spending much time outdoors Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays Apply sunscreen thickly and frequently Reapply sunscreen every 1½ to 2 hours and after swimming or sweating Suns rays are strongest between 10AM and 4PM

11. Organ Donation 9 PCH 1.2, 1.6

12. Warm-Up: Global Awareness Do you remember 9/11? What have you learned about 9/11? Who did it effect? Video #1 Video

13. Important Terms: Organ Transplant: replaces a failing organ with a healthy organ. – A doctor will remove an organ from another person and place it in your body. – This may be done when your organ has stopped working or stopped working well because of disease or injury. Tissue: a group of biological cells that perform a similar function – 4 primary tissue types in the human body: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nerve tissue. Organ: a structure that contains at least two different types of tissue functioning together. – There are many different organs in the body: the liver, kidneys, heart, even your skin is an organ.

14. Here are the facts! 110,000 people are waiting for a life-saving organ transplant – More than 3,400 waiting right here in North Carolina Sadly, more than 6,000 of these people will die this year while waiting for an organ to become available. A new name is added to the list every 13 minutes.

15. Who can be a donor? Donors come in all ages and levels of health. Newborns and the elderly can be donors. Donors are generally in good health and have died suddenly. They have been declared “brain dead.” People who have tested positive for HIV can not be donors.

16. Living Donors Living individuals can donate the following: Kidney Partial liver Partial lung Partial pancreas Bone marrow Blood

17. What organs can be donated? Heart Intestines Kidney Liver Lung Pancreas

18. What tissues can be donated? Blood Bone Cornea Heart valve Saphenous vein Ligament and tendons Skin

19. Benefits of Organ Donation One donor can save up to eight recipients and enhance the lives of 50 others. Organ donation costs nothing and it gives the gift of life. With scientific breakthroughs, doctors are able to harvest several tissues and organs from the deceased donor. – This means that more than one person's life is saved or improved. Donating organs may also help remaining family members cope with their loved one's death.

20. The Accident Mary was driving home from soccer practice with friends when the car accident happened….. She was severely injured. This is what happened next…

21. The Donation Process 1. Mary was rushed to the hospital with massive head injuries. Every attempt was made to save her life. 2.Her brain continued to swell and by 4 am she was pronounced brain dead. 3. At that time, the hospital and organ donation agency offered Mary’s parents the option of donation. 4. Her family members discussed their feeling about donation. They remembered that when Mary got her license, she told them that she wanted to be a donor. 5. Mary’s parents gave their written consent for Mary to become a organ/tissue donor……

22. The Donation Process 6. Mary’s body was maintained on a ventilator and stabilized with fluids and medications while tests were completed to asses which or her organs were suitable for transplant 7. The surgical teams from the transplant centers receiving the organs were coordinated to arrive at the hospital for the organ recovery surgery. 8. Mary was taken to the operating room. Her organs were removed, cooled and preserved with a special solution while the transplant teams immediately returned to their hospitals to perform the transplant surgeries. 9.Mary’s body was sent to the funeral home. 10. Mary’s family received general information about the recipients of her donated organs and tissues.

23. How can I become a donor ? Register to be a donor at : http://www.donatelifenc.org/register If you are between 13 and 17 years old, you can join the online registry, but your parents will make the final decision at the appropriate time.

24. Public Service Announcement Organ Donation Commercial Animoto – Username: jcarter19.jc@gmail.com – Password: thurmond123

25. Body Art and the Consequences 9 PCH 2.1-2.2

26. In Your notes: The nation’s largest retailer,Walmart, doesn’t allow facial piercings(eyebrow, nose or lip) What are your thoughts? Do you think this is fair? Why or why not? Give reasons for your answer

27. Today’s Lesson– Essential Questions Identify health consequences of body art – Piercings – Tattoos Identify social consequences of body art – Piercings – Tattoos

28. North Carolina Body Art Laws Tattooing – Prohibits anyone from tattooing a minor under age 18. Body Piercing – Prohibits anyone from piercing any part of a minor under age 18 other than the ears without the prior consent of the custodial parent. Some other states – Require prior written consent from parent or legal guardian to tattoo or pierce a minor

29. Global Connection The earliest recorded tattoos were found in Egypt during the time of the construction of the great pyramids When the Egyptians expanded their empire, the art of tattooing spread as well. The civilizations of Crete, Greece, Persia, and Arabia picked up and expanded the art form. Around 2000 BC tattooing spread to China.

30. Tattoos: Understand risks & precautions Tattoos may be more common than ever, but don't take tattooing lightly. Know the risks and understand basic safety precautions and aftercare steps. You could be the owner of a new tattoo in a matter of hours — but don't let the ease of getting tattoos stop you from making a thoughtful decision about permanent body art. If you first take steps to protect yourself from possible risks, what seems like a cool idea now is less likely to turn into a source of regret later.

31. How Tattoos Are Done Tattoo: a permanent mark or design made on your skin with pigments inserted through pricks into the skin's top layer. Typically, the tattoo artist uses a hand-held machine that acts much like a sewing machine, with one or more needles piercing the skin repeatedly. – With every puncture, the needles insert tiny ink droplets.

32. What’s the Procedure Like? The tattoo artist will first wash his or her hands with a germicidal soap. The to-be-tattooed area on your body will be cleaned and disinfected. The tattoo artist will put on clean, fresh gloves – possibly a surgical mask The tattoo artist will explain the sterilization procedure to you and open up the single-use, sterilized equipment Using the tattoo machine, the tattoo artist will begin drawing an outline of the tattoo under your skin.

33. The Procedure The outline will be cleaned with antiseptic soap and water. Sterile, thicker needles will be installed on the tattoo machine, and the tattoo artist will start shading the design. After cleaning the area again, color will be injected. A new bottle of ink should be opened for each individual. Any blood will be removed by a sterile, disposable cloth or towel. When finished, the area will be cleaned once again and a bandage will be applied.

34. If you’re thinking about it There is one very important thing you have to keep in mind — getting it done safely. Although it might look a whole lot cooler than a big scab, a new tattoo is also a wound. Like any other slice, scrape, puncture, cut, or penetration to your skin, a tattoo is at risk for infections and disease.

35. Plan Ahead—for tattoos & piercing Make sure you're up to date with your immunizations – Especially hepatitis and tetanus shots Plan where you’ll get medical care if your tattoo becomes infected Signs of infection – Excessive redness – Tenderness around the tattoo – Prolonged bleeding – Pus – Changes in skin color around the tattoo

36. Talk To Your Doctor If you have a medical problem – Heart Disease – Allergies – Diabetes Skin Disorders – A condition that affects your immune system – Infections – Or if you are pregnant Ask your doctor if there are any special concerns you should have or precautions you should take beforehand

37. Know The Risks Tattoos breach (break) the skin, which means that skin infections and other complications are possible. Let’s look at some of the risks…

38. Allergic Reactions Tattoo dyes, especially red dye, can cause allergic skin reactions – itchy rash at the tattoo site This may occur even years after you get the tattoo.

39. Skin Infections Tattoos can lead to local bacterial infections. – Redness Swelling – Pain – Pus-like drainage

40. Other Skin Problems Sometimes bumps called granulomas form around tattoo ink — especially red ink. Tattooing can also lead to raised areas caused by an overgrowth of scar tissue (keloids)

41. Blood Borne Diseases If the equipment used to create your tattoo is contaminated with infected blood, you can contract various blood borne diseases. Hepatitis B – Hepatitis C – Tetanus – HIV — the virus that causes AIDS

42. Treatment Medication or other treatment may be needed if you develop an allergic reaction, infection or other skin problem. In some cases, the tattoo may need to be removed. Keep in mind that tattoo inks are classified as cosmetics, so they aren't regulated or approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

43. Body Piercing A piercing or puncture made in your body by a needle. After that, a piece of jewelry is inserted into the puncture. The most popular pierced body parts seem to be the ears, the nostrils, and the belly button.

44. Some Health Risks If all goes well, you should be fine after a body piercing except for some temporary symptoms – some pain – swelling at the pierced area – tongue piercing, increased saliva

45. Things can still go wrong chronic infection uncontrollable or prolonged bleeding Scarring hepatitis B and C Tetanus abscesses or boils (collections of pus that can form under your skin at the site of the piercing) inflammation or nerve damage Swelling of the tongue

46. Insist on Safety Precautions Professional studios usually take pride in their cleanliness. Here are some things to check for…

47. Autoclave Make sure the tattoo studio has an autoclave – a device that uses steam, pressure, and heat for sterilization You should be allowed to watch as equipment is sterilized in the autoclave Instruments and supplies that can't be sterilized with an autoclave – drawer handles, tables and sinks Should be disinfected with a commercial disinfectant or bleach solution after each use

48. Who Does the Tattooing? Go to a reputable tattooing studio that employs only properly trained employees Check that the tattoo artist is a licensed practitioner If so, the tattoo artist should be able to provide you with references

49. Does the tattoo artist use proper equipment? Make sure the tattoo artist removes a needle and tubes from sealed packages before your procedure begins. Any pigments, trays and containers should be unused as well. Don't get a tattoo if you're under the influence of alcohol or drugs or worry that you might regret the tattoo later.

50. To make sure your tattoo heals properly Keep a bandage on the area for up to 24 hours Try not to get the tattoo wet until it fully heals Stay away from pools, hot tubs, or long, hot baths. Keep your tattoo away from the sun until it's fully healed Avoid touching the tattooed area Don't pick at any scabs that may form Wash the tattoo with an antibacterial soap – don't use alcohol or peroxide — they'll dry out the tattoo Use a soft towel to dry the tattoo – just pat it dry and be sure not to rub it

51. Social Consequences Consider the negative consequences of tattooing your body for life Although tattoos have become more socially acceptable there are still sections of the general public that look down on tattoos

52. Stereotypes When you think of someone with a tattoo, what comes to mind? A biker? A sailor? A rebellious teen? These are all stereotypes of tattoos in American culture

53. Getting a JobGetting a Job—Tattoos & Piercing Employers have a say about the acceptability of tattoos and piercing if it is in their dress code They can say no to visible tattoos as long as they are consistent If you have tattoos that can be covered up, you do have a better chance of being hired in corporate America Covering a tattoo for career reasons can be a commitment in its self. – This is one reason artists may discourage a tattoo seeker from getting a neck, face, or even a lower arm tattoo. The armed services is also very strict on tattoos being viewable to the public while in the service. The armed services